Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in pre-weaned calves in Shaanxi Province, north-western China

Qi, Maozhen; Fang, Yong; Wang, X. T.; Zhang, L. X.; Wang, R. J.; Du, Shuai-Zhi; Guo, Yanliang; Jia, Yanqing; Yao, Li; Liu, Q. D.; Zhao, Guanghui

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.079327-0

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Cryptosporidium parvum infection in calves is widespread (Brook et al 2008;Trotz-Williams et al 2008;Al Mawly et al 2015;Qi et al 2015), and also in the present study, C. parvum was, in agreement with previous reports in Argentina, the only species identified in calves (Tomazic et al 2013;Del Coco et al 2014). However, in contrast to previous studies done in Argentina, a considerably higher overall prevalence was found (Del Coco et al 2008;Tiranti et al 2011;Garro et al 2016), probably due to an additional oocysts concentration step prior to microscopic examination significantly increasing the sensitivity of oocyst detection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum in dairy calves and GP60 subtyping of diarrheic calves in central Argentina

et al. 2019

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Cryptosporidiosis of calves is caused by the enteroprotozoan Cryptosporidium spp. The disease results in intense diarrhea of calves associated with substantial economic losses in dairy farming worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine calf, herd, and within-herd Cryptosporidium prevalence and identify Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in calves with diarrhea in intensive dairy herds in central Argentina. A total of 1073 fecal samples were collected from 54 randomly selected dairy herds. Cryptosporidium-oocysts were isolated and concentrated from fecal samples using formol-ether and detected by light microscopy with the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Overall prevalence of oocyst-excreting calves was found to be 25.5% (274/ 1073) (95% C.I. 22.9; 28.1%). Of the herds studied, 89% (48/54) included at least one infected calf, whereas within-herd prevalence ranged from the absence of infection to 57% (20/35). A highly significant association was found between the presence of diarrhea and C. parvum infection (χ 2 = 55.89, p < 0.001). For species determination, genomic DNA isolated from oocystpositive fecal samples was subjected to PCR-RFLP of the 18S rRNA gene resulting exclusively in Cryptosporidium parvum identification. C. parvum isolates of calves displaying diarrhea and high rate of excretion of oocysts were subtyped by PCR amplification and direct sequencing of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (GP60) gene. Altogether five GP60 subtypes, designated IIaA18G1R1, IIaA20G1R1, IIaA21G1R1, IIaA22G1R1, and IIaA24G1R1 were identified. Interestingly, IIaA18G1R1 and IIaA20G1R1 were predominant in calves with diarrhea and high infection intensity. Notably, IIaA24G1R1 represents a novel, previously unrecognized C. parvum subtype. The subtype IIaA18G1R1, frequently found in this study, is strongly implicated in zoonotic transmission. These results suggest that calves might be an important source for human cryptosporidiosis in Argentina.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum in dairy calves and GP60 subtyping of diarrheic calves in central Argentina

et al. 2019

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“…The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium in neonatal dairy calves on the two farms was 48.7% (185/380), which was similar to that in a report from Heilongjiang in northeastern China (47.7%, 72/151) [19], and higher than those in Hebei and Tianjin (2.6%, 9/351) [20] in northern China; Ningxia (10.2%,19/186 to 31.0%, 49/158) in three cases) [10,21,22 ], Shaanxi (24.7%, 46/186) [23], and Xinjiang (15.6%, 37/237) [24] in northwestern China; Henan (21.5%, 172/801) [14] and Hubei (15.8%, 42/265) [25] in central China; Sichuan (14.4%, 40/278) in southwestern China [26]; Shanghai (37.0%, 303/818) [27] and Jiangsu (22.7%, 139/612) [11] in eastern China; and Guangdong (24.0%, 93/388 and 6.4%, 19/297) in southern China [15,28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Seasonal monitoring of Cryptosporidium species and genetic diversity in neonatal dairy calves on two large-scale farms in Xinjiang, China

Zhang

Jing

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Neonatal dairy calves infected with Cryptosporidium can possess a significant source of zoonotic infections and disease. To assess seasonal variations in the prevalence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in neonatal dairy calves, 380 fecal samples from neonatal dairy calves on two large-scale farms in Xinjiang (Alaer and Wensu) were screened for the Cryptosporidium small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. Results: The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 48.7% (185/380): 48.6% (108/222) in Alaer and 48.7% (77/158) in Wensu. Cryptosporidium was most frequent in summer (56.8%, 54/95), followed by spring (50.0%, 44/88), winter (46.8%, 44/94), and autumn (41.7%, 43/103) (P > 0.05). Cryptosporidium was significantly more prevalent in calves with diarrhea (72.4%, 113/156) than in those without (32.1%, 72/224) (P < 0.01). Based on a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, C. parvum (n = 173), C. bovis (n = 7), C. ryanae (n = 3), and co-infections of the three species (n = 2) were identified. Most (172/175) C. parvum samples were successfully sequenced at the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene (gp60), revealing two zoonotic subtypes: IIdA14G1 (n = 94) and IIdA15G1 (n = 7) in Alaer and IIdA15G1 (n = 71) in Wensu.Conclusions: These results showed that neonatal dairy calves were commonly infected with Cryptosporidium throughout the year, and there was a significant association between the occurrence of diarrhea and Cryptosporidium infection. Presence of IIdA14G1 and IIdA15G1 indicated neonatal dairy calves may be a source of zoonotic C. parvum subtypes.

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“…Compared to subsequent studies conducted in pre-weaned dairy calves of China, of which calves ages strictly less than 2 months, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium was similar to several reports in Shanghai (37.0%, 303/818) [10], Heilongjiang Province (33.2%, 86/259) [11], Ningxia Autonomous Region (referred to as Ningxia hereafter) (31.0%, 49/158) [12]. The prevalence higher than reports in Shaanxi (24.7%, 46/186) [13], Guangdong (24.0%, 93/388) [14], Henan (21.5%, 172/801) [15], Hubei (15.8%, 42/265) [16], Xinjiang (15.6%, 37/237) [9], Sichuan (14.4%, 40/278) humans and cattle in Europe, North America and Australia [4]. However, IId subtypes were major subtype identified from C. parvum isolates in dairy cattle of China, and the distribution of C. parvum subtype families in dairy cattle seems to be distinct in different areas [5].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium parvum in neonatal calves in Xinjiang, China

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background The Cryptosporidium causes infection in wide spectrum of vertebrate hosts and is well known for leading to diarrhea and other gastrointestinal illness. To assess Cryptosporidium genetic diversity in neonatal calves and probe the cause for diarrhea of them, a total of 232 fecal samples from neonatal calves in 12 farms in Xinjiang were characterized for the presence of Cryptosporidium .Results The prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 38.4% (89/232), and three species were detected with SSU rRNA gene, including C. parvum (n = 88), C. ryanae (n = 9), and C. bovis (n = 1). Prevalence of C . parvum neonatal calves with diarrhea (52.6%, 51/97) was significantly higher than calves without diarrhea (28.1%, 38/135). All the C . parvum -positive samples were analyzed based on gp60 gene, IIdA15G1 (n = 35), IIdA20G1 (n = 21), IIdA14G1 (n = 17), and IIdA19G1 (n = 13) were successfully subtyped in this study.Conclusions These data indicated that C . parvum was a major contributor in diarrheal disease in neonatal calves, and C . parvum subtypes from neonatal calves in Xinjiang were high genetic diversity. Additionally, our findings implicating neonatal calves could be a potential source of human Cryptosporidium infection and provide further evidence for the uniqueness of C . parvum IId subtypes in cattle in China.

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Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in pre-weaned calves in Shaanxi Province, north-western China

Cited by 34 publications

References 48 publications

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum in dairy calves and GP60 subtyping of diarrheic calves in central Argentina

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum in dairy calves and GP60 subtyping of diarrheic calves in central Argentina

Seasonal monitoring of Cryptosporidium species and genetic diversity in neonatal dairy calves on two large-scale farms in Xinjiang, China

Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium parvum in neonatal calves in Xinjiang, China

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