Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium skunk genotype in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Iran: concern for zoonotic transmission

Rahimi, Hanieh Mohammad; Jevinani, Sara Soleimani; Nemati, Sara; Sharifdini, Meysam; Mirjalali, Hamed; Zali, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1007/s00436-021-07367-6

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In accordance with the previous literature, the results of this parasitological investigation confirm the role of the raccoon as a host for several species of endoparasites, both Protozoa [ 27 ] and Helminths [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Among protozoal infections, cryptosporidiosis of raccoons has been documented in several countries: Illinois and Virginia, USA [ 18 , 32 , 33 ], Luxembourg [ 34 ], Poland [ 35 ], Germany [ 36 ], Iran [ 37 ], and Japan [ 27 ]. Cryptosporidiosis is a disease of significant human health concern because of the possibility of its transmission through contaminated water or food [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Endoparasites in Non-Native Raccoons from Central Italy

Lombardo

Diano

Brocherel

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a carnivore native to North and Central America, gradually introduced into Asia and Europe, including Italy. It is an important carrier of multiple endoparasites, both Protozoa and Helminths, some of them being zoonotic. The aim of this study was to investigate the endoparasites of the non-native raccoon population of Central Italy. Sixty-two raccoons were collected by local competent authorities (sixty trapped and euthanized, two found dead) and subjected to necroscopic examination. Carcasses underwent a broad parasitological investigation, including coprological techniques (macroscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, trachea, and heart, Flotac®, Baermann test, and immunofluorescence for Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp.), research on respiratory/urinary capillariosis and artificial digestion for Trichinella spp. larvae, and a histopathological examination of the ileum. Ascarid parasites were further identified at the species level using a next-generation sequencing-based amplicon sequencing approach. The results showed the presence of different Protozoa and Nematodes: Baylisascaris procyonis (26/62; 41.9%), Pearsonema sp. (6/62; 9.6%), Capillariidae (6/62; 9.6%), Eimeria sp. (2/62; 3.2%), Cryptosporidium sp. (2/62; 3.2%), and Ancylostomatidae (2/62; 3.2%). B. procyonis is an emerging helminthic zoonotic agent considered a serious concern for public and animal health, given the possibility of its transmission to paratenic hosts, including humans and pets. The demonstrated role of the raccoon as a multi-parasite carrier should be an incentive to continuing the eradication/control of this alien species, and supports the need to implement related disease surveillance programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Endoparasites in Non-Native Raccoons from Central Italy

Lombardo

Diano

Brocherel

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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“…To date, there have only been a limited number of molecular reports regarding the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in raccoons from North America [ 8 ] and introduced to Poland [ 10 ], Japan [ 12 ], Germany [ 13 ], and Iran [ 15 ]. To date, the literature data concerning this issue are mainly based on the reports from the area of North America, where the raccoon is indigenous to the local fauna.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…skunk genotype. This genotype appears to be the major genotype reported in raccoons from non-native areas [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The majority of the skunk genotype was also reported in Japan [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A great diversity of Cryptosporidium species/genotypes has been found in mesocarnivores belonging to Procyonidae, Canidae, and Mustelidae living in the wild in Spain, Ireland, Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Iran, Japan, and the U.S.A. [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Recent molecular research has identified Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Wild-Living Carnivores in Poland—A Question Concerning Its Host Specificity

et al. 2023

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Cryptosporidium is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite that primarily infects the gastrointestinal epithelium in humans and domestic and wild animals. The majority of studies have been focused on human, livestock, and pet infections. Hence, Cryptosporidium spp. in wildlife, including wild carnivores, remained neglected. There are several studies reporting the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild foxes, but these are only a few molecular surveys; no data is available concerning the occurrence of this parasite in raccoon dogs and martens in Europe, and to the best of our knowledge to date, only one study has reported Cryptosporidium from badgers in Spain. Therefore, we used molecular analyses to identify and genotype Cryptosporidium spp. in wild-living mesocarnivores in Poland. A total of 322 individual fecal samples from six carnivore species, i.e., raccoon, raccoon dog, red fox, European badger, pine, and beech martens were collected and then analyzed for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. using the nested PCR method. The appearance of PCR products in the reaction with Cryptosporidium-specific primers against the 18S rRNA and actin genes demonstrated that Cryptosporidium spp. occurred in 23.0% of all examined species of animals. Performed sequence analyses showed the presence of the Cryptosporidium skunk genotype, Cryptosporidium vole genotype II, Cryptosporidium canis dog and fox genotypes, as well as Cryptosporidium erinacei, Cryptosporidium ditrichi, Cryptosporidium suis, and Cryptosporidium alticolis, in these hosts. Molecular data presented here indicate that examined mesocarnivores may be a significant reservoir of specific and non-specific Cryptosporidium species, including those with zoonotic potential. Most studies of carnivores have described the presence of non-specific Cryptosporidium spp. in carnivore hosts, and this is probably the result of the transfer of these parasites from prey species through the digestive tract or the transfer of the parasite from a contaminated environment.

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Toward waterborne protozoa detection using sensing technologies

et al. 2023

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Drought and limited sufficient water resources will be the main challenges for humankind during the coming years. The lack of water resources for washing, bathing, and drinking increases the use of contaminated water and the risk of waterborne diseases. A considerable number of waterborne outbreaks are due to protozoan parasites that may remain active/alive in harsh environmental conditions. Therefore, a regular monitoring program of water resources using sensitive techniques is needed to decrease the risk of waterborne outbreaks. Wellorganized point-of-care (POC) systems with enough sensitivity and specificity is the holy grail of research for monitoring platforms. In this review, we comprehensively gathered and discussed rapid, selective, and easy-to-use biosensor and nanobiosensor technologies, developed for the early detection of common waterborne protozoa.

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Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium skunk genotype in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Iran: concern for zoonotic transmission

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Detection of Endoparasites in Non-Native Raccoons from Central Italy

Detection of Endoparasites in Non-Native Raccoons from Central Italy

The Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Wild-Living Carnivores in Poland—A Question Concerning Its Host Specificity

Toward waterborne protozoa detection using sensing technologies

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