Molecular Characterization of Clinical Methicillin-Resistant
            <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
            Isolates in South Africa

Moodley, Arshnee; Oosthuysen, Wilhelm F.; Duse, Adrian; Marais, Elsé

doi:10.1128/jcm.01704-10

Cited by 47 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The 100 % susceptibility to GM observed in this study is in agreement with results obtained by Vignaroli et al (2013) who reported a 100 % susceptibility of E. coli isolates from coastal marine sediments to GM. The reemergence of GM-susceptible methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been shown in studies conducted in other countries (Sougakoff et al 1998;Blanc et al 2001;Carricajo et al 2001) as well as in South Africa (Essa et al 2009;Marais et al 2009;Heysell et al 2011;Moodley et al 2010). Similar GM susceptibility trends with E. coli observed in this study may indicate the possibility of genetic transfer within the aquatic environment.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Antibiotic-resistant E Coli In Water and Sedisupporting

confidence: 81%

High prevalence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Escherichia coli in river bed sediments of the Apies River, South Africa

Abia

Ubomba-Jaswa

Momba

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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This study aimed at investigating the presence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in river bed sediments of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa, in order to better inform health management decisions designed to protect users of the river. Overall, 180 water and sediment samples were collected at 10 sites along the Apies River from January to February 2014. E. coli was enumerated using the Colilert® 18/Quanti-Tray® 2000 (IDEXX). Isolates were purified by streaking on eosin methylene blue agar followed by the indole test. Pure E. coli isolates were tested for resistance to nine antibiotics by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Over 98% of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. The highest resistance was observed against nitrofurantoin (sediments) and ampicillin (water). Over 80% of all resistant isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (resistance to ≥3 antibiotics). The abundance of E. coli in the sediments not only adds to the evidence that sediments are a reservoir for bacteria and possibly other pathogens including antibiotic-resistant bacteria but also suggests that antibiotic-resistant genes could be transferred to pathogens due to the high prevalence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) strains of E. coli observed in the sediment. Using untreated water from the Apies River following resuspension for drinking and other household purposes could pose serious health risks for users. Our results suggest that river bed sediments could serve as reservoirs for MAR bacteria including pathogens under different climatic conditions and their analysis could provide information of public health concerns.

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Section: Prevalence Of Antibiotic-resistant E Coli In Water and Sedisupporting

confidence: 81%

High prevalence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Escherichia coli in river bed sediments of the Apies River, South Africa

Abia

Ubomba-Jaswa

Momba

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Certain pandemic MRSA clones are spread worldwide. Recent publications describe the ST612-MRSA-IV clone (MLST CC8) as the most widespread MRSA clone in Cape Town, and South Africa (Jansen van Rensburg et al, 2011;Orth et al, 2013;Oosthuysen et al, 2013;Moodley et al, 2010). In this study ST 612 formed strong biofilms, which may contribute to its dominance in nosocomial infections in South Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Biofilm formation in invasive Staphylococcus aureus isolates is associated with the clonal lineage

Naicker

Karayem

Hoek

et al. 2016

Microbial Pathogenesis

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2 Declaration I, Preneshni Rochelle Naicker, hereby declare that the work contained in this assignment is my original work and that I have not previously submitted it, in its entirety or in part, at any university for a degree. The ability to form biofilms contributes significantly to the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Virulence factors may be associated with certain S. aureus lineages. However, the contribution of the genetic background of S. aureus to biofilm formation is poorly understood. This study investigated the association between the genetic background and the biofilm forming ability of clinical invasive S. aureus isolates. Secondary objectives included investigating any correlation with biofilm formation and methicillin resistance or the source of bacteraemia. Methods:The study was conducted at a 1300-bed tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. S. aureus isolates obtained from blood cultures between January 2010 and January 2012 were included. Genotypic characterization was performed by PFGE, spa typing, SCCmec typing and MLST. Thirty genotypically unique strains were assessed for phenotypic biofilm formation with the microtitre plate assay. All isolates were tested in triplicate and an average optical density, measured at a wavelength of 490nm, was determined. The biofilm forming ability of isolates with A 490 > 0.17 was considered 'weak positive' and A 490 > 0.34 'strong positive'. Isolates with A 490 ≤ 0.17 were considered non-adherent. ANOVA with Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc tests and t-tests were used for statistical analysis of the association between biofilm forming ability and strain characteristics.Results: Fifty seven percent of isolates were capable of forming biofilms. Weak biofilm formation occurred in 40% (n=12) and strong biofilm formation in 17% (n=5) of isolates. Thirteen (43%) of the isolates were classified as non-adherent. All 5 isolates capable of strong biofilm formation belong to one spa clonal complex (spa-CC 064). Strains from spa-CC 064 were capable of higher biofilm formation than other spa clonal complexes (p=0.00002). These 5 strains belonged to MLST CC5 and CC8. Biofilm formation did not correlate with methicillin resistance and was not related to the source of bacteraemia. Conclusion:Biofilm formation correlates with the spa clonal lineage in our population of invasive S. aureus strains. High biofilm formation was associated with spa-CC 064. MLST CC5 and CC8 strains are capable of strong biofilm formation.

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“…CC5 (ST5), CC8 (ST239) and CC30 MRSA clones predominate in Latin America [42]. Recent data from Africa are limited but suggested a predominance of CC8 (ST239 and the infrequently described ST612, found only in South Africa and Australia), CC5 (ST5) and CC30 (ST36) lineages [35,43,44].…”

Section: Hospital-acquired/associated Mrsa (Ha-mrsa)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…They contain various ST variants (that have point mutations in the genes used for assigning their MLST ST) and are distributed differently in many countries and/or regions of the world. CC22 is widespread globally, CC30-ST36 is common in the USA and the UK and CC45 is common in the USA and Europe [18,28,[33][34][35]. The most frequently reported Asian clones are CC8 (ST239), CC5 (ST5) and CC22 (ST22) [30,[36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Hospital-acquired/associated Mrsa (Ha-mrsa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): global epidemiology and harmonisation of typing methods

Stefani

Chung

Lindsay

et al. 2012

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

502

421

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Molecular Characterization of Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in South Africa

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

High prevalence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Escherichia coli in river bed sediments of the Apies River, South Africa

High prevalence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Escherichia coli in river bed sediments of the Apies River, South Africa

Biofilm formation in invasive Staphylococcus aureus isolates is associated with the clonal lineage

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): global epidemiology and harmonisation of typing methods

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