Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Intensive Care Unit Patients in Jordanian Hospitals

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) worldwide, mostly occurring in intensive care units (ICUs). Extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL)-positive A. baumannii strains have emerged as highly resistant to most currently used antimicrobial agents, including carbapenems. The most common mechanism for carbapenem resistance in this species is β-lactamase-mediated resistance. Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D oxacillinases are widespread among multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii strains. The present study was conducted to determine the presence and distribution of blaOXA genes among multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolated from ICU patients and genes encoding insertion sequence (IS-1) in these isolates. Additionally, the plasmid DNA profiles of these isolates were determined. A total of 120 clinical isolates of A. baumannii from various ICU clinical specimens of four main Jordanian hospitals were collected. Bacterial isolate identification was confirmed by biochemical testing and antibiotic sensitivity was then assessed. PCR amplification and automated sequencing were carried out to detect the presence of blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, and blaOXA-58 genes, and ISAba1 insertion sequence. Out of the 120 A. baumannii isolates, 95% of the isolates were resistant to three or more classes of the antibiotics tested and were identified as MDR. The most frequent resistance of the isolates was against piperacillin (96.7%), cephalosporins (97.5%), and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations antibiotics (95.8%). There were 24 (20%) ESBL-producing isolates. A co-existence of blaOXA-51 gene and ISAba1 in all the 24 ESBL-producing isolates was determined. In addition, in the 24 ESBL-producing isolates, 21 (87.5%) carried blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes, 1 (4.2%) carried blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-24, but all were negative for the blaOXA-58 gene. Plasmid DNA profile A and profile B were the most common (29%) in ESBL-positive MDR A. baumannii isolates while plasmid DNA profile A was the most common in the ESBL-negative isolates. In conclusion, there was an increase in prevalence of MDR-A. baumannii in ICU wards in Jordanian hospitals, especially those having an ESBL phenotype. Thus, identification of ESBL genes is necessary for the surveillance of their transmission in hospitals.

Phenotypic and genetic extended spectrum beta lactamase profiles of bacterial isolates from ICU in tertiary level hospital in Kenya

“…Similar findings were recently reported demonstrating the involvement of bla OXA gene in mediating resistance to cephalosporins. 27 Analysis of bla CTMX, bla TEM, and bla SHV genes revealed a high resistance gene carriage in more than 50% of studied isolates. High prevalence of these markers had been reported previously in an Indonesian hospital.…”

Virulence Molecular Epidemiology of Clinical Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: First Report from Jordan

“…In recent years A. baumannii research in Jordan has focused on its phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles, the mechanism of drug resistance and clinical epidemiology with little attention on the mechanism of virulence and pathogenesis [25,32,33]. In this research, molecular and conventional assays were conducted to inspect the virulence genes harbored in CRAB strains isolated from clinical samples in two hospitals in Jordan.…”

Correlative factor of death in patients with infected pancreatic necrosis after surgical intervention

“…Because of the abuse of antibiotics, A baumannii was resistant to multiple antibiotics, named “Multiple Resistance Acinetobacter Baumannii .” [18] A baumannii infection could result in death in an intensive unit. [19–23]…”

“…[18] A baumannii infection could result in death in an intensive unit. [19][20][21][22][23] Finally, it was found that the patients who suffered from death got higher rates of usage of continuous renal replacement therapy and mechanical ventilation. Patients who needed the treatment of continuous renal replacement therapy or mechanical ventilation usually suffered from severe forms of AP.…”