Molecular Characterization of Brain and other Structures in Vertebrates and Invertebrates

Abstract

extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, fibrosis results in scarring and thickening of the interested tissue, it is in essence an exaggerated wound healing response that interferes with normal organ functionality. (is similar to the scarring phenomena, involve stimulated fibroblasts laying down connective tissue, including collagen and glycosamino-glycans. The process start when the immune-cells (macrophages) release the soluble factors that stimulate the fibroblasts population. Pro-fibrotic mediator is the TGF beta, released by macro-phages and by any damaged tissue between surfaces named interstitium. Other mediators involved: CTGF, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), interleukin 4. These start the signal transduction pathways like s AKT/mTOR, SMAD pathways that ultimately lead to the proliferation -activation of the