Molecular Characterization of Begomoviruses Associated with Yellow Leaf Curl Disease in <i>Solanaceae</i> and <i>Cucurbitaceae</i> Crops from Northern Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract

Begomoviruses, transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), have emerged as serious constraints to the cultivation of a wide variety of vegetable crops worldwide. Leaf samples from Solanaceae (tomato, tobacco, and eggplant) and Cucurbitaceae (cucumber and squash) plants exhibiting typical begomoviral yellowing and/or curling symptoms were collected in Northern Sumatra, Aceh province, Indonesia. Rolling circle amplification was conducted using DNA isolated from cucumber, squash, eggplant, and tobacco, and the fulllength sequences of the begomoviruses were evaluated. The following viruses were isolated: bipartite begomoviruses Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV), Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCKaV), and a monopartite begomovirus Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV). Begomovirus diagnosis was conducted by PCR using begomovirus species-specific primers for Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV), Pepper yellow leaf curl Aceh virus (PepYLCAV), ToLCNDV, SLCCNV, TYLCKaV, and AYVV, which are the predominant begomoviruses. The primary begomovirus species for each plant were as follows: PepYLCAV for tomato, AYVV for tobacco, TYLCKaV for eggplant, ToLCNDV for cucumber, and SLCCNV for squash. This study provides valuable information for breeding begomovirus-resistant cultivars as horticultural crops.

Southeast Asian Isolate of the Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Shows Higher Pathogenicity Against Tomato and Cucurbit Crops Compared to that of the Mediterranean Isolate

“…4; Table 2). Previous diagnosis that detected begomovirus in Solanaceae crops (tomato, pepper, eggplant, and tobacco) in Aceh province, Indonesia, indicated that all diagnosed samples were negative for ToLCNDV infection and were only positive for other begomovirus species, such as pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus, pepper yellow leaf curl Aceh virus, tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCKaV), and ageratum yellow vein virus (Kesumawati et al, 2019(Kesumawati et al, , 2020Koeda et al, 2016). It was reported that ToLCNDV-[OM] (DNA-A: GU180095) isolated from oriental melon (C. melo) in Taiwan infected cucurbit crops, but not tomato plants, by mechanical inoculation (Chang et al, 2010).…”

“…S1). DNA-A of ToLCNDV-[BACu-20] isolated from Indonesia in our previous study (Kesumawati et al, 2020) formed a clade with ToLCNDV isolates from Thailand, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, and Bangladesh (Fig. 3).…”

“…Newly developed upper leaves at 20 or 30 days post inoculation (dpi) were collected from the inoculated plants, and DNA was extracted using a simple DNA extraction method (Koeda and Fujiwara, 2019). DNA-A of ToLCNDV-[ES-Alm-Cuc-16] was detected by a PCR using ToLCNDV A 2F and 2R primers, and DNA-B of was detected using ToLCNDV Uni F and R primers (Table S1) (Kesumawati et al, 2020). PCR was performed using EmeraldAmp PCR Master Mix (Takara Bio).…”

“…Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the fulllength DNA-A sequences of ToLCNDV from GenBank and sequences obtained in our present and previous studies (Kesumawati et al, 2020). In total, 140 ToLCNDV full-length sequences isolated from the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh), Southeast Asia (Thailand, Indonesia, Laos, and Cambodia), East Asia (Taiwan), the Middle East (Iran), and the Mediterranean Basin (Spain, Italy, Morocco, and Algeria) were used to construct a phylogenetic tree with a bipartite begomovirus, pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV) from Mexico, as an outgroup.…”

“…As far as we know, the report by Fortes et al (2016) is the only study that compared and characterized different isolates from Spain and India and there is no report that compared them with the Southeast Asian isolate. In this study, we agroinoculated ToLCNDV-ES and ToLCNDV- from Indonesia (Kesumawati et al, 2020) and compared its pathogenicity in Nicotiana benthamiana, tomato, and cucurbit crops.…”