“…Total RNA was extracted from apple plantlet leaves and RNA quality and concentration were determined following the methodology of Kim et al (2019). The RNA samples were first tested for ASGV presence using RT-PCR with previously used diagnostic primers (Shim et al, 2006). First-strand cDNA was synthesized using 2 μg total RNA, 0.5 μg random primer, 10 mM dNTP, RNase inhibitor (TaKaRa, Shinga, Japan), M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) in 20 μl volume.…”