Molecular Characterization of Acetolactate Synthase in Resistant Weeds and Crops

Shimizu, Tsutomu; Kaku, Koichiro; Kawai, Kiyoshi; Miyazawa, Takeshige; Tanaka, Yoshiyuki

doi:10.1021/bk-2005-0899.ch022

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…ALSinhibiting herbicides control many weed species in addition to exhibiting high selectivity in major crops and low toxicity to mammals, which lack the branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic pathway. However, various mutations in ALS that confer ALS-inhibiting herbicide tolerance have been found in many weeds (Shimizu et al, 2005;Powles and Yu, 2010). Similar mutations in ALS have also been reported in crops (Shimizu et al, 2005).…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

“…Similar mutations in ALS have also been reported in crops (Shimizu et al, 2005). To date, crops that show tolerance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides have been produced by various approaches, such as conventional mutation breeding, conventional transformation, and pinpoint mutagenesis via gene targeting based on information obtained from analyses of ALS mutants (Shimizu et al, 2005;Endo and Toki, 2013). On the other hand, weeds that show tolerance to ALSinhibiting herbicides by cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification have also been reported (Powles and Yu, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

“…However, various mutations in ALS that confer ALS-inhibiting herbicide tolerance have been found in many weeds (Shimizu et al, 2005;Powles and Yu, 2010). Similar mutations in ALS have also been reported in crops (Shimizu et al, 2005). To date, crops that show tolerance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides have been produced by various approaches, such as conventional mutation breeding, conventional transformation, and pinpoint mutagenesis via gene targeting based on information obtained from analyses of ALS mutants (Shimizu et al, 2005;Endo and Toki, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…ALS is the primary target site for at least four classes of herbicides: sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, pyrimidinyl carboxylates, and triazolopyrimidine herbicides (Shimizu et al, 2002(Shimizu et al, , 2005. These herbicides can inhibit ALS activity, resulting in plant death caused by a deficiency of branched-chain amino acids.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it was reported that japonica rice varieties show higher sensitivity to BS compared with indica rice varieties at the early stages of plant growth (Ohno et al, 2008;Taniguchi et al, 2010). A mutated ALS gene confers BS tolerance in plants including rice (Shimizu et al, 2005;Endo and Toki, 2013). However, the deduced amino acid sequences were shown to be highly conserved among japonica and indica rice varieties, and ALS levels of sensitivity to BS were similar in japonica and indica rice varieties (Taniguchi et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Novel Rice Cytochrome P450 Gene, CYP72A31, Confers Tolerance to Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Rice and Arabidopsis

et al. 2014

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Target-site and non-target-site herbicide tolerance are caused by the prevention of herbicide binding to the target enzyme and the reduction to a nonlethal dose of herbicide reaching the target enzyme, respectively. There is little information on the molecular mechanisms involved in non-target-site herbicide tolerance, although it poses the greater threat in the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds and could potentially be useful for the production of herbicide-tolerant crops because it is often involved in tolerance to multiherbicides. Bispyribac sodium (BS) is an herbicide that inhibits the activity of acetolactate synthase. Rice (Oryza sativa) of the indica variety show BS tolerance, while japonica rice varieties are BS sensitive. Map-based cloning and complementation tests revealed that a novel cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP72A31, is involved in BS tolerance. Interestingly, BS tolerance was correlated with CYP72A31 messenger RNA levels in transgenic plants of rice and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Moreover, Arabidopsis overexpressing CYP72A31 showed tolerance to bensulfuron-methyl (BSM), which belongs to a different class of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides, suggesting that CYP72A31 can metabolize BS and BSM to a compound with reduced phytotoxicity. On the other hand, we showed that the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP81A6, which has been reported to confer BSM tolerance, is barely involved, if at all, in BS tolerance, suggesting that the CYP72A31 enzyme has different herbicide specificities compared with CYP81A6. Thus, the CYP72A31 gene is a potentially useful genetic resource in the fields of weed control, herbicide development, and molecular breeding in a broad range of crop species.

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confidence: 53%

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confidence: 65%

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confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A Novel Rice Cytochrome P450 Gene, CYP72A31, Confers Tolerance to Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Rice and Arabidopsis

et al. 2014

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Thirty Years of Genome Engineering in Rice: From Gene Addition to Gene Editing

Meynard

Vernet

Meunier

et al. 2020

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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Rice, the staple food for more than half of humankind and the model monocot crop, was the first cereal in which efficient gene transfer procedures were implemented: 30 years ago, the first transgenic rice plant was regenerated following direct gene transfer to cell suspension‐derived protoplasts. Shortly thereafter, transgenic plants were regenerated from zygotic embryo‐derived cells following their subjection to micro‐projectile acceleration and Agrobacterium ‐mediated transfection treatments. The high efficiency of transfer deoxyribonucleic acid (T‐DNA) integration in seed embryo‐derived cells of rice has allowed the transfer of genes of agronomical relevance and the generation of large collections of insertion lines and has provided a key contribution to deciphering the function of more than 2000 rice genes. The high efficiency of T‐DNA integration in seed embryo‐derived cells of rice also permitted the first implementation of gene targeting and knock‐in (KI) events, relying on the albeit very low natural frequency of homology‐directed repair (HDR) in the rice genome. In the late 2000s, the advent of site‐directed nucleases (SDNs) that induce either single or double‐strand breaks at a high frequency and their rapid application to rice permitted routine targeted mutagenesis, which can be multiplexed to simultaneously alter several targets or create deletions, and base and gene editing (e.g. correction of amino acids). Currently, the challenge remains to attain a high frequency of KI and replacement of long stretches of DNA for protein domain or coding sequence swapping. We present herein a historical perspective of the advances that have been readily implemented to determine the function of rice genes and to manipulate traits of agronomical relevance. Two main bottlenecks remain to be alleviated in rice genomic engineering: the low frequency of HDR and the genotype dependence of gene transfer efficiency. Alleviation of these bottlenecks is needed to reach the potential of intra‐ and interspecific gene replacement and SDN‐mediated multiplex editing of alleles in elite materials, which will assist in the breeding and deployment of rice cultivars embedded in sustainable and climate‐smart agricultural practices.

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Selection of Transgenic Rice Plants Using a Herbicide Tolerant Form of the Acetolactate Synthase Gene

Endo

Shimizu

Toki

2012

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is an enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for branched-chain amino acids, and bispyribac-sodium (BS), a pyrimidinyl carboxy herbicide, is a well-known inhibitor of ALS activity. However, it appears that a mutated form of rice ALS [OsmALS (W548L/S627I)] confers resistance to BS. We succeeded in using OsmALS with native OsALS promoter and terminator region for a selection marker of rice transformation. Because this selection marker cassette is originally from the rice endogenous genome, it can be expected to be publicly acceptable.

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Molecular Characterization of Acetolactate Synthase in Resistant Weeds and Crops

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

A Novel Rice Cytochrome P450 Gene, CYP72A31, Confers Tolerance to Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Rice and Arabidopsis

A Novel Rice Cytochrome P450 Gene, CYP72A31, Confers Tolerance to Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Rice and Arabidopsis

Thirty Years of Genome Engineering in Rice: From Gene Addition to Gene Editing

Selection of Transgenic Rice Plants Using a Herbicide Tolerant Form of the Acetolactate Synthase Gene

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