Abstract:An hsc70 homologue gene (Rahsc70) of the diptera Rhynchosciara americana was isolated and characterized. We were able to determine the mRNA sequence from an EST of salivary gland cDNA library, and a Rahsc70 cDNA cassette was used as a probe to isolate the genomic region from a genomic library. The mRNA expression of this gene parallels the 2B puff expansion, suggesting its involvement in protein processing, since this larval period corresponds to a high synthetic activity period. During heat shock stress condi… Show more
“…In D. saccharalis mandibular glands, calreticulin has signal peptide to the endoplasmic reticulum, which is the main localization organelle of this protein, although it also occurs in the cytosol (Goo et al, 2005; Krause & Michalak, 1997). Putative heat shock cognate 70 also has signal peptide for the endoplasmic reticulum, although molecular characterization of the hsc70 gene in salivary gland cells of Rhynchosciara americana Wiedemann (Diptera: Sciaridae), Chironomus tentans Fabricius (Diptera: Chironomidae), and Chironomus yoshimatsui Martin & Sublette (Diptera: Chironomide) indicate that this protein occur in the cytosol and nucleus (De Andrade et al, 2009, Karouna‐Renier et al, 2003). Imaginal discs growth factor has a signal peptide that directs it to secretory pathways, as reported in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) larvae (Kawamura et al, 1999; Pesch et al, 2016).…”
The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important sugarcane pest and mechanical injuries caused through the mandibles can allow pathogen infections. The mandibles of D. saccharalis, as well as other insects, are associated with mandibular glands with a possible function in food intake and mouthparts lubrication; however, the chemical composition of the secretion is poorly known and its elucidation is important for the comprehensive understanding of plant–insect interactions. This study characterized some proteins and volatiles in the mandibular glands of D. saccharalis larvae. MALDI‐TOF/TOF mass spectrometry allowed the identification of 24 predicted proteins within 10 functional classes, including the transport and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides; Posttranslational protein modifications; energy conversion; intracellular trafficking; transcription; translation; and cytoskeleton function. Metabolites identified from GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of hydrocarbons classified as alcohols, ether, alkanes, and esters with differences in their relative abundance. Linolenic acid, the most abundant metabolite found in this gland, when conjugated with amino acids, can be an elicitor in the plant‐herbivore interaction. The results suggest the occurrence of digestive and defensive biochemical components, which may contribute to understanding of the multifunctional roles of the mandibular gland secretion of D. saccharalis larvae during feeding activity.
“…In D. saccharalis mandibular glands, calreticulin has signal peptide to the endoplasmic reticulum, which is the main localization organelle of this protein, although it also occurs in the cytosol (Goo et al, 2005; Krause & Michalak, 1997). Putative heat shock cognate 70 also has signal peptide for the endoplasmic reticulum, although molecular characterization of the hsc70 gene in salivary gland cells of Rhynchosciara americana Wiedemann (Diptera: Sciaridae), Chironomus tentans Fabricius (Diptera: Chironomidae), and Chironomus yoshimatsui Martin & Sublette (Diptera: Chironomide) indicate that this protein occur in the cytosol and nucleus (De Andrade et al, 2009, Karouna‐Renier et al, 2003). Imaginal discs growth factor has a signal peptide that directs it to secretory pathways, as reported in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) larvae (Kawamura et al, 1999; Pesch et al, 2016).…”
The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important sugarcane pest and mechanical injuries caused through the mandibles can allow pathogen infections. The mandibles of D. saccharalis, as well as other insects, are associated with mandibular glands with a possible function in food intake and mouthparts lubrication; however, the chemical composition of the secretion is poorly known and its elucidation is important for the comprehensive understanding of plant–insect interactions. This study characterized some proteins and volatiles in the mandibular glands of D. saccharalis larvae. MALDI‐TOF/TOF mass spectrometry allowed the identification of 24 predicted proteins within 10 functional classes, including the transport and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides; Posttranslational protein modifications; energy conversion; intracellular trafficking; transcription; translation; and cytoskeleton function. Metabolites identified from GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of hydrocarbons classified as alcohols, ether, alkanes, and esters with differences in their relative abundance. Linolenic acid, the most abundant metabolite found in this gland, when conjugated with amino acids, can be an elicitor in the plant‐herbivore interaction. The results suggest the occurrence of digestive and defensive biochemical components, which may contribute to understanding of the multifunctional roles of the mandibular gland secretion of D. saccharalis larvae during feeding activity.
“…The molecular chaperones HSP70 and HSP90 are thought to be involved in the developmental processes of insects. They both play vital roles in cell differentiation, cell cycles, and embryonic development (Caplan et al., ; Mahroof et al., ; Tachibana et al., ; de Andrade et al., ; Zhang and Denlinger, ). In addition, HSP90 is critical for the activation of the ecdysone receptor/ultraspiracle complex (Tachibana et al., ; Zhang and Denlinger, ).…”
The Chinese white wax scale insect (Ericerus pela) is sexually dimorphic with holometabolous males and hemimetabolous females. Holometabolous insects were assumed to originate from hemimetabolous ancestors. Therefore, the male pupal stage is a major innovation compared with hemimetabolous female insects. Here, the protein profiles of the male pupae were obtained by high-throughput proteomics and analyzed using bioinformatics methods. A total of 1,437 peptides were identified and assigned to 677 protein groups. Most of the proteins had molecular weights below 40 kDa and isoelectric points from 4 to 7. Gene Ontology terms were assigned to 331 proteins, including metabolic process, developmental process, and cellular process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotations identified 142 pathways and most proteins were assigned to metabolism events. Pathways involved in cell growth and death, signal transduction, folding, and sorting and degradation were also identified. Six proteins that had undergone positive selection were classified into four groups, protein biosynthesis, protein degeneration, signal transduction, and detoxification. Many of the high-abundance proteins were enzymes involved in carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism; signal transduction; degradation; and immunization, which indicated that metabolism, disruption, and development occurred intensely at the pupal stage. These processes are closely related to the physiological status of pupae. The results also suggested that these related proteins may be fundamental factors in the formation of pupae. This study describes pupal characterization at the molecular level and provides a basis for further physiological studies.
“…Many studies have been performed that focus on the salivary gland polytene chromosome of R. americana because the gene amplification of the DNA puff has been described (Breuer and Pavan 1955;Machado-Santelli and Basile 1975;Guevara and Basile 1973;Glover et al 1981), including the sequencing of transcripts, the involvement of transposable elements during development, and characterization of heat shock proteins (Siviero et al 2006;RezendeTeixeira et al 2008;Andrade et al 2009). This dipteran has synchronous egg development, unlike that of the wellstudied Drosophila, which makes it a good model for investigating a variant form of insect oogenesis.…”
The Dipteran Rhynchosciara americana, a native Brazilian insect that has become a valuable model system for developmental biology research because it provides an interesting opportunity to study a different type of insect oogenesis. Sequences from a cDNA library that was constructed with poly A+RNA from the ovaries of R. americana larvae at different ages were analyzed. Molecular characterization confirmed interesting findings, such as the presence of Rananos. The nanos gene encodes a conserved RNA-binding protein that is required during early development for the maintenance and division of the primordial germ cells of Diptera. nanos plays an important role in specifying the posterior regions of insect embryos and is important for abdomen formation. In the present work, we showed the spatial and temporal expression profiles of this important gene, which is involved in oogenesis and early development. Data mining techniques were used to obtain the complete sequence of Rananos. Bioinformatic tools were used to determine the following: (1) the secondary structure of the 3'-untranslated region of the Rananos mRNA, (2) the encoded protein of the isolated Rananos gene, (3) the conserved zinc-finger domains of the RaNanos protein, and (4) phylogenetic analyses. Furthermore, RNA in situ hybridization and immunolocalization were used to determine mRNA and protein expression in the tissues that were studied and to define Rananos as a germ cell molecular marker.
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