Molecular characterization of a human G20P[28] rotavirus a strain with multiple genes related to bat rotaviruses

Abstract

Group A rotaviruses are the major cause of severe gastroenteritis in the young of mammals and birds. This report describes characterization of an unusual G20P[28] rotavirus strain detected in a 24 month old child from Suriname. Genomic sequence analyses revealed that the genotype constellation of the Suriname strain RVA/Human-wt/SUR/2014735512/2013/G20P[28] was G20-P[28]-I13-R13-C13-M12-A23-N13-T15-E20-H15. Genes VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4 and NSP5 were recently assigned novel genotypes by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG). Three of the 11 gene segments (VP7, VP4, VP6) were similar to cognate gene sequences of bat-like human rotavirus strain Ecu534 from Ecuador and the VP7, NSP3 and NSP5 gene segments of strain RVA/Human-wt/SUR/2014735512/2013/G20P[28] were found to be closely related to gene sequences of bat rotavirus strain 3081/BRA detected in Brazil. Although distantly related, the VP1 gene of the study strain and bat strain BatLi09 detected in Cameroon in 2014 are monophyletic. The NSP1 gene was found to be most closely related to human strain QUI-35-F5 from Brazil. These findings suggest that strain RVA/Human-wt/SUR/2014735512/2013/G20P[28] represents a zoonotic infection from a bat host.

Whole Genome In-Silico Analysis of South African G1P[8] Rotavirus Strains before and after Vaccine Introduction over a Period of 14 Years

“…Alignments and comparative analysis of the full-length sequences for each gene segment was performed as described previously [ 24 ]. Multiple sequence alignments were performed using the MAFFT package in Geneious Prime 2020 [ 30 ].…”

“…Notably, at Dr. George Mukhari Hospital, a key RVA surveillance site, no G1P[8] strains were reported in 2012 [ 21 ], whereas this was a predominant strain during the pre-vaccine period [ 22 ]. The enormous genetic and antigenic diversity within RVA [ 8 , 23 ] and the recent emergence of novel strains [ 24 , 25 , 26 ] emphasize the need to monitor the impact of RVA vaccines on the genetic and antigenic landscape of RVA circulating in the population.…”

Whole genome and in-silico analyses of G1P[8] rotavirus strains from pre- and post-vaccination periods in Rwanda

“…Phylogenetic, sequence analyses and protein modelling. For each gene segment, the ORF were aligned and subjected to sequence comparisons as described previously [56][57][58] . Briefly, multiple alignments were made using the MUSCLE algorithm implemented in MEGA 6 software (https ://www.megas oftwa re.net/) 59 .…”

At least seven distinct rotavirus genotype constellations in bats with evidence of reassortment and zoonotic transmissions

“…Three out of its 11 gene segments were closely related to a South African bat RVA strain, suggesting a reassortment involving a bat RVA strain (38). A third example is two unique G20 human RVA strains, Ecu534 from Ecuador (39) and 2014735512 from Suriname (40). The recent identification of the G20 genotype in a Brazilian bat RVA strain (3081) also suggests a potential bat reservoir for these human strains (31).…”

“…In the current study, we have observed that these atypical Asian human strains were also closely related to the Bulgarian bat RVA strains for VP3, VP6, NSP2, NSP4, NSP5 and Gabonese strains for NSP2, NSP3, NSP4 of the orange genotype constellation(Figures 2-4). These additional findings further add, as well as complicate the identification of the most likely bat host, from which the L621 and E2451 strains jumped to humans.Following these potential zoonosis reports, Esona and colleagues also revealed remarkable findings in Latin America in 2018, where only limited bat RVA information is present to date(40). A human RVA strain 2014735512 was isolated in Suriname in 2013, and possessed a rare G20 genotype, which was also detected in an Ecuadorian human RVA strain in 2006.…”