Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the genome of porcine torovirus

Sun, Huan; Lan, Daoliang; Liu, Lu; Chen, Molin; Wang, Changsong; Hua, Xiuguo

doi:10.1007/s00705-013-1861-x

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The order nidovirales compromises divergent virus families with notable human and animal pathogens like for example severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) [13]. The snake nidoviruses were assigned to the family coronaviridae in the subfamily torovirinae that covers two genera: torovirus and bafinivirus infecting mammals and fish, respectively [14][15][16][17]. The reptile nidoviruses cluster together in a monophyletic clade and a new genus for these unassigned viruses was proposed: barnivirus (bacilliform reptile nidovirus) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations into the presence of nidoviruses in pythons

Blahak

Jenckel

Höper

et al. 2020

Virol J

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Background: Pneumonia and stomatitis represent severe and often fatal diseases in different captive snakes. Apart from bacterial infections, paramyxo-, adeno-, reo-and arenaviruses cause these diseases. In 2014, new viruses emerged as the cause of pneumonia in pythons. In a few publications, nidoviruses have been reported in association with pneumonia in ball pythons and a tiger python. The viruses were found using new sequencing methods from the organ tissue of dead animals.Methods: Severe pneumonia and stomatitis resulted in a high mortality rate in a captive breeding collection of green tree pythons. Unbiased deep sequencing lead to the detection of nidoviral sequences. A developed RT-qPCR was used to confirm the metagenome results and to determine the importance of this virus. A total of 1554 different boid snakes, including animals suffering from respiratory diseases as well as healthy controls, were screened for nidoviruses. Furthermore, in addition to two full-length sequences, partial sequences were generated from different snake species. Results: The assembled full-length snake nidovirus genomes share only an overall genome sequence identity of less than 66.9% to other published snake nidoviruses and new partial sequences vary between 99.89 and 79.4%. Highest viral loads were detected in lung samples. The snake nidovirus was not only present in diseased animals, but also in snakes showing no typical clinical signs.Conclusions: Our findings further highlight the possible importance of snake nidoviruses in respiratory diseases and proof multiple circulating strains with varying disease potential. Nidovirus detection in clinical healthy individuals might represent testing during the incubation period or reconvalescence. Our investigations show new aspects of nidovirus infections in pythons. Nidoviruses should be included in routine diagnostic workup of diseased reptiles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations into the presence of nidoviruses in pythons

Blahak

Jenckel

Höper

et al. 2020

Virol J

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“…Toroviruses (ToVs), belonging to the subfamily Toroviridae, are members of the family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales (Cavanagh and Horzinek, 1993). ToVs have a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of nearly 28 kb, containing two large open reading frames (ORFs) encoding nonstructural proteins, ORF1a and ORF1ab, and four structural proteins, spike glycoprotein (S), membrane glycoprotein (M), hemagglutinin esterase (HE), and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N) (Draker et al, 2006;Sun et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BToVs have been detected in 2.9-36.4% of fecal samples obtained from cattle with diarrhea (Duckmanton et al, 1998;Hoet et al, 2003;Ito et al, 2007;Kirisawa et al, 2007;Nogueira et al, 2013;Park et al, 2008). Porcine ToV (PToV) is also prevalent in piglets worldwide; however their pathogenicity in swine remains unclear (Anbalagan et al, 2014;Shin et al, 2010;Sun et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, only three whole genome sequences of ToV, namely, BToV Breda1 (AY427798) (Draker et al, 2006) and PToV NPL/2014 (KM403390), which was identified in the US in 2014 (Anbalagan et al, 2014) and PToV SH1 (JQ860350), which was identified in China in 2010 (Sun et al, 2014), are available on the database. To gain more information about genetic diversity, relationship, and evolution of ToVs, we performed whole genome analysis of Japanese BToVs and PToV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole genome analysis of Japanese bovine toroviruses reveals natural recombination between porcine and bovine toroviruses

Ito¹,

Tsuchiaka

Naoi

et al. 2016

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Bovine toroviruses (BToVs), belong to the subfamily Toroviridae within the family Coronaviridae, and are pathogens, causing enteric disease in cattle. In Japan, BToVs are distributed throughout the country and cause gastrointestinal infection of calves and cows. In the present study, complete genome sequences of two Japanese BToVs and partial genome sequences of two Japanese BToVs and one porcine torovirus (PToV) from distant regions in Japan were determined and genetic analyses were performed. Pairwise nucleotide comparison and phylogenetic analyses revealed that Japanese BToVs shared high identity with each other and showed high similarities with BToV Breda1 strain in S, M, and HE coding regions. Japanese BToVs showed high similarities with porcine toroviruses in ORF1a, ORF1b, and N coding regions and the 5' and 3' untranslated regions, suggestive of a natural recombination event. Recombination analyses mapped the putative recombinant breakpoints to the 3' ends of the ORF1b and HE regions. These findings suggest that the interspecies recombinant nature of Japanese BToVs resulted in a closer relationship between BToV Breda1 and PToVs.

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“…The subfamily Torovirinae consists of two genera, Torovirus and Bafinivirus. The genus Torovirus includes four viruses originating from mammals (human torovirus, bovine torovirus, equine torovirus and porcine torovirus) (Beards et al, 1984;Draker et al, 2006;Sun et al, 2014;Weiss et al, 1983). The genus Bafinivirus includes two viruses isolated from fish (White bream virus and White minnow nidovirus) (Batts et al, 2012;Schütze et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of a novel nidovirus in cattle with respiratory disease

Tokarz

Sameroff

Hesse

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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The family Coronaviridae represents a diverse group of vertebrate RNA viruses, all with genomes greater than 26 000 nt. Here, we report the discovery and genetic characterization of a novel virus present in cattle with respiratory disease. Phylogenetic characterization of this virus revealed that it clusters within the subfamily Torovirinae, in the family Coronaviridae. The complete genome consists of only 20 261 nt and represents the smallest reported coronavirus genome. We identified seven ORFs, including the canonical nidovirus ORF1a and ORF1b. Analysis of polyprotein 1ab revealed that this virus, tentatively named bovine nidovirus (BoNV), shares the highest homology with the recently described python-borne nidoviruses and contains several conserved nidovirus motifs, but does not encode the NendoU or O-MT domains that are present in other viruses within the family Coronaviridae. In concert with its reduced genome, the atypical domain architecture indicates that this virus represents a unique lineage within the order Nidovirales.

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Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the genome of porcine torovirus

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Investigations into the presence of nidoviruses in pythons

Investigations into the presence of nidoviruses in pythons

Whole genome analysis of Japanese bovine toroviruses reveals natural recombination between porcine and bovine toroviruses

Discovery of a novel nidovirus in cattle with respiratory disease

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