Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in China

Zhang, Hui; Gong, Huanran; Zhou, Xueping

doi:10.1007/s11262-009-0384-8

Cited by 82 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…An updated tree created from an alignment of partial coat protein genes, which recapitulates the two geographically distinct New World clades (Duffy & Holmes 2007;Zhang et al 2009), is given in figure 1. The more recently isolated viruses were published with PNI to a range of closely related TYLCV isolates, but our phylogenetic analysis offers better resolution of the ancestry of some of these strains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

98% identical, 100% wrong: per cent nucleotide identity can lead plant virus epidemiology astray

Duffy

Seah

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Short-form publications such as Plant Disease reports serve essential functions: the rapid dissemination of information on the geography of established plant pathogens, incidence and symptomology of pathogens in new hosts, and the discovery of novel pathogens. Many of these sentinel publications include viral sequence data, but most use that information only to confirm the virus' species. When researchers use the standard technique of per cent nucleotide identity to determine that the new sequence is closely related to another sequence, potentially erroneous conclusions can be drawn from the results. Multiple introductions of the same pathogen into a country are being ignored because researchers know fast-evolving plant viruses can accumulate substantial sequence divergence over time, even from a single introduction. An increased use of phylogenetic methods in short-form publications could speed our understanding of these cryptic second introductions and aid in control of epidemics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

98% identical, 100% wrong: per cent nucleotide identity can lead plant virus epidemiology astray

Duffy

Seah

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Since then, epidemics have emerged and devastated tomato crops rapidly and widely. TYLCV was first reported in Shanghai, China in 2006 (Wu et al, 2006), and it has since spread rapidly to 13 provinces or autonomous regions of China, including Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions (Zhang et al, 2009). Since no other begomoviruses had been detected in Shanghai before 2006, the rapid spread of TYLCV provided a great opportunity to understand the evolution of a plant DNA virus soon after its first introduction to a new area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular variability and evolution of a natural population of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Shanghai, China

Yang

Zhou

Qian

et al. 2014

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), belonging to the genus Begomovirus of the family Geminiviridae, is emerging as the most destructive pathogen of tomato plants. Since the first report of TYLCV in Shanghai, China in 2006, TYLCV has spread rapidly to 13 provinces or autonomous regions of China. In this study, the molecular variability and evolution of TYLCV were monitored in Shanghai from its first upsurge in 2006 until 2010. Full-length genomic sequences of 26 isolates were obtained by rolling circle amplification. Sequence analysis showed that the intergenic region was the most variable, with a mean mutation rate of 4.81×10 −3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. Genetic differentiation was found within isolates obtained from 2006, 2009, and 2010, though a linear increase in genetic diversity over time was not evident. Whilst significant parts of TYLCV genes were under negative selection, the C4 gene embedded entirely within the C1 gene had a tendency to undergo positive selection. Our results indicate that a mechanism of independent evolution of overlapping regions could apply to the natural population of TYLCV in Shanghai, China.

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“…Geminiviruses (family Geminiviridae) are a group of plant-infecting viruses containing circular, singlestranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes packaged into twinned particles (Dry et al, 1993;Fauquet et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2009;Zhou, 2013). Geminiviruses are transmitted by whiteflies or leafhoppers and can cause significant damage to agronomically important crops (Navot et al, 1991;Hanley-Bowdoin et al, 2004;Rojas et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

V2 of tomato yellow leaf curl virus can suppress methylation-mediated transcriptional gene silencing in plants

Huang

et al. 2014

Journal of General Virology

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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a DNA virus belonging to the genus Begomovirus. TYLCV replicates using double-stranded DNA intermediates that can become the target of plant transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). Here, we show that the V2 protein of TYLCV can suppress TGS of a transcriptionally silenced green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene in Nicotiana benthamiana line 16-TGS. Through bisulfite sequencing and chop-PCR, we demonstrated that the TYLCV V2 can reverse GFP transgene silencing by reducing the methylation levels in the 35S promoter sequence. Both AtSN1 and MEA-ISR loci in Arabidopsis thaliana were previously reported to be strongly methylated, and we show that the methylation status of both loci was significantly reduced in TYLCV V2 transgenic Arabidopsis plants. We conclude that TYLCV can efficiently suppress TGS when it infects plants, and its V2 protein is responsible for the TGS suppression activity.Cytosine DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic silencing mechanism modulating many important biological processes (Bird, 2002;Goll & Bestor, 2005;Zhang et al., 2006) and a defence against biotic stresses such as geminivirus infection (Bisaro, 2006;Raja et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2011). Geminiviruses (family Geminiviridae) are a group of plant-infecting viruses containing circular, singlestranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes packaged into twinned particles (Dry et al., 1993;Fauquet et al., 2008;Zhang et al., 2009;Zhou, 2013). Geminiviruses are transmitted by whiteflies or leafhoppers and can cause significant damage to agronomically important crops (Navot et al., 1991;Hanley-Bowdoin et al., 2004;Rojas et al., 2005). Geminiviruses are classified into four genera (Mastrevirus, Curtovirus, Begomovirus, and Topocuvirus) and replicate in the plant cell nucleus using double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) intermediates as their replication and transcription templates (Pilartz & Jeske, 1992Fauquet et al., 2008).Recent studies have demonstrated that plants employ an RNA-directed methylation strategy to control transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and use it as a defence mechanism against geminivirus infection (Raja et al., 2008;Rodríguez-Negrete et al., 2009). As a counter defensive measure, geminiviruses express unique proteins to serve as TGS suppressors. For example, the AC2/AL2 proteins encoded by cabbage leaf curl virus and tomato golden mosaic virus, the C2/L2 proteins encoded by beet curly top virus and beet severe curly top virus, and the bC1 protein encoded by tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite (TYLCCNB) can decrease DNA methylation and suppress TGS by interfering with the methyl cycle (Buchmann et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2011;Zhang et al., 2011). A recent report indicated that geminivirus replication-associated protein (Rep, also known as C1, AL1 or AC1) could also suppress TGS by reducing the expression of plant DNA methyltransferases (Rodríguez-Negrete et al., 2013).Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a member of the genus Begomovirus and contains a single genome component with six open r...

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Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in China

Cited by 82 publications

References 30 publications

98% identical, 100% wrong: per cent nucleotide identity can lead plant virus epidemiology astray

98% identical, 100% wrong: per cent nucleotide identity can lead plant virus epidemiology astray

Molecular variability and evolution of a natural population of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Shanghai, China

V2 of tomato yellow leaf curl virus can suppress methylation-mediated transcriptional gene silencing in plants

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