Molecular characterization and localization of human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 4

Makoff, Andrew; Lelchuk, Rosalia; Oxer, M. D.; Harrington, Kathleen A.; Emson, Piers C.

doi:10.1016/0169-328x(95)00321-i

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The expression of mGlu4 is most intense in cerebellar granule cells (Kinoshita et al 1996a). Prominent expression of mGlu4 has also been observed in the periglomerular cells and granule cells of the main olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle, entorhinal cortex, CA1-3 and hilus of the hippocampus, lateral septum, septofimbrial nucleus, striatum, rostral part of the intercalated amygdaloid nucleus, thalamic nuclei, lateral mammillary nucleus, pontine nuclei and dorsal horn (Fotuhi et al 1994;Testa et al 1994;Makoff et al 1996b;Kinoshita et al 1998;Azkue et al 2001;Corti et al 2002). At the electron-microscopic level, mGlu4 immunoreactivity has been localized to the presynaptic active zone of varicosities of the parallel fibres in the molecular layer (Kinoshita et al 1996a;Mateos et al 1999).…”

Section: Distribution Of Group III Mglusmentioning

confidence: 93%

Metabotropic glutamate receptors

2006

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Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) are a family of G-protein-coupled receptors activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate. Molecular cloning has revealed eight different subtypes (mGlu1-8) with distinct molecular and pharmacological properties. Multiplicity in this receptor family is further generated through alternative splicing. mGlus activate a multitude of signalling pathways important for modulating neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity and feedback regulation of neurotransmitter release. In this review, we summarize anatomical findings (from our work and that of other laboratories) describing their distribution in the central nervous system. Recent evidence regarding the localization of these receptors in peripheral tissues will also be examined. The distinct regional, cellular and subcellular distribution of mGlus in the brain will be discussed in view of their relationship to neurotransmitter release sites and of possible functional implications.

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Section: Distribution Of Group III Mglusmentioning

confidence: 93%

Metabotropic glutamate receptors

2006

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“…However, at the protein level, no immunoreactivity for either mGluR7a or mGluR7b has been detected in the cochlear nucleus or MNTB . There are neither in situ hybridization nor immunocytochemical studies suggesting the presence of the other group III mGluR4b or mGluR8 in the ventral cochlear nucleus-MNTB system (Tanabe et al, 1993;Iversen et al, 1994;Duvoisin et al, 1995;Flor et al, 1995;Ohishi et al, 1995;Makoff et al, 1996;Phillips et al, 1997;Saugstad et al, 1997;Thomsen et al, 1997;Wada et al, 1998).…”

Section: Functional Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Developmental expression of the group III metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR4a in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of the rat

et al. 1999

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“…In the hippocampus, a more restricted expression of the receptor subtypes mGluR1b, mGluR2/3, mGluR4a and mGluR5 has been demonstrated (Blumcke, I et al, 1996). The receptor subtype mGluR4 also has a distinct distribution in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and caudate nucleus (Makoff, A et al, 1996a). In the retina, mGluR6 is expressed (Vardi, N et al, 2000).…”

Section: Cellular Expression and Function Of Mglursmentioning

confidence: 97%

Driving Cellular Plasticity and Survival Through the Signal Transduction Pathways of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors

Maiese¹,

Chong²,

Li³

2005

CNR

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Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) share a common molecular morphology with other G protein-linked receptors, but there expression throughout the mammalian nervous system places these receptors as essential mediators not only for the initial development of an organism, but also for the vital determination of a cell's fate during many disorders in the nervous system that include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, epilepsy, trauma, and stroke. Given the ubiquitous distribution of these receptors, the mGluR system impacts upon neuronal, vascular, and glial cell function and is activated by a wide variety of stimuli that includes neurotransmitters, peptides, hormones, growth factors, ions, lipids, and light. Employing signal transduction pathways that can modulate both excitatory and inhibitory responses, the mGluR system drives a spectrum of cellular pathways that involve protein kinases, endonucleases, cellular acidity, energy metabolism, mitochondrial membrane potential, caspases, and specific mitogen-activated protein kinases. Ultimately these pathways can converge to regulate genomic DNA degradation, membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) residue exposure, and inflammatory microglial activation. As we continue to push the envelope for our understanding of this complex and critical family of metabotropic receptors, we should be able to reap enormous benefits for both clinical disease as well as our understanding of basic biology in the nervous system.

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Molecular characterization and localization of human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 4

Cited by 44 publications

References 29 publications

Metabotropic glutamate receptors

Metabotropic glutamate receptors

Developmental expression of the group III metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR4a in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of the rat

Driving Cellular Plasticity and Survival Through the Signal Transduction Pathways of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors

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