Molecular Characterization and
            <i>In Vitro</i>
            Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Schizophyllum commune, an Emerging Basidiomycete in Bronchopulmonary Mycoses

Chowdhary, Anuradha; Kathuria, Shallu; Singh, Pradeep Kumar; Agarwal, Kshitij; Gaur, Shailendra Nath; Roy, P.K.; Randhawa, H. S.; Meis, Jacques F.

doi:10.1128/aac.02619-12

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In agreement with the findings of other studies (30,31), AMB showed the highest in vitro potency against most Schizophyllum isolates tested. The strains of S. commune tested here had low MICs for PSC and VRC (0.20 g/ml for both), similar to previous reports (30,31). For S. radiatum, our results revealed high degrees of variability in the activities of the agents tested among strains, especially for the azoles and for TBF (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In fact, a correlation between in vitro data and clinical efficacy has not been well established (54). In agreement with the findings of other studies (30,31), AMB showed the highest in vitro potency against most Schizophyllum isolates tested. The strains of S. commune tested here had low MICs for PSC and VRC (0.20 g/ml for both), similar to previous reports (30,31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…However, treatment with antifungal drugs has given encouraging results. AMB is reported to be the most potent in vitro against S. commune, and other antifungal drugs have also shown good activity (14,16,31,64). It is worth mentioning, however, that at least one patient with allergic bronchopulmonary infection treated with ITC for 10 months showed no clinical improvement (65,66).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…for future comparison. The optimum management of infections by S. commune has not yet been determined (14,31,34). However, treatment with antifungal drugs has given encouraging results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Schizophyllum radiatum, an Emerging Fungus from Human Respiratory Tract

et al. 2016

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Schizophyllum is an important genus of basidiomycetes that, apart from being of genetic and biotechnological interest, is also reported to be a plant and animal pathogen. Schizophyllum commune is the best-known species and the only one reported from clinical specimens thus far, being recovered mainly from the respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to determine the species diversity of 23 clinical isolates of Schizophyllum from the United States using multilocus phylogenetic analysis and their in vitro susceptibilities to six drugs. The markers used for sequencing were the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), a portion of the nuclear large subunit (LSU) of ribosomal DNA, the RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (RPB2), and the translation elongation factor 1␣ (EF-1␣) gene. The analyses revealed that 22 of the clinical isolates were in the Schizophyllum radiatum clade with high support values and 1 isolate was in the S. commune clade. This is the first report of this species in clinical samples. The two species mentioned above showed very similar morphological features in culture (i.e., white, cottony, unsporulated colonies composed of hyphae with clamp connections), making morphological discrimination between the two impossible. An epitype is designed for S. radiatum, and its sequences have been deposited in GenBank. The antifungal that showed the greatest in vitro activity against the strains tested was shown to be amphotericin B. In general, the strains of S. radiatum showed higher MICs than S. commune. S chizophyllum (Schizophyllaceae, Agaricales) comprises one of the most commonly found mushrooms on the planet (1). The most common species of the genus is Schizophyllum commune, a ubiquitous fungus well-known as a wood decay organism able to cause white rot (1, 2) but also by its biotechnological applications (3). It has been used as an ethanol producer (4), and some of its metabolites have anticancer (5) and antimicrobial (6, 7) properties. It also has been studied for many years as a model for understanding mating interactions (8, 9). In recent years, S. commune has become clinically relevant as an etiological agent of respiratory infections in humans (10-15). However, it has been reported to be an etiological agent of other types of infections and conditions, such as a brain abscess (16, 17), meningitis (18), an eye infection (19), palate ulceration (20), and onychomycosis (21). Infections have also been reported in other mammals (22-24) and in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals (25,26).The most effective treatment options for infections by S. commune are yet to be determined, although various treatment modalities have been used (14,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Most susceptibility patterns for these fungi are restricted to individual cases; however, studies by Gonzalez et al. (30) and Chowdhary et al. (31) with 5 and 26 strains, respectively, indicated that amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITC), and voriconazole (VRC) had good in vitro activity against the isolates tested, while elev...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…for future comparison. The optimum management of infections by S. commune has not yet been determined (14,31,34). However, treatment with antifungal drugs has given encouraging results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Schizophyllum radiatum, an Emerging Fungus from Human Respiratory Tract

et al. 2016

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“…In vitro susceptibility data for 40 NSM isolates tested are presented in Table 3. With the exception of POS and CAS findings, the susceptibility profiles of S. commune isolates have been presented previously (25). All of the tested species of basidiomycetes were susceptible to AMB and resistant to CAS, fluconazole, and flucytosine.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Cultured Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Significance and Molecular Characterization of Nonsporulating Molds Isolated from the Respiratory Tracts of Bronchopulmonary Mycosis Patients with Special Reference to Basidiomycetes

et al. 2013

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dNonsporulating molds (NSMs), especially basidiomycetes, have predominantly been reported as human pathogens responsible for allergic and invasive disease. Their conventional identification is problematic, as many isolates remain sterile in culture. Thus, inconclusive culture reports might adversely affect treatment decisions. The clinical significance of NSMs in pulmonary mycoses is poorly understood. We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and D1/D2 domain of the larger subunit (LSU) of 52 NSMs isolated from respiratory specimens. The basidiomycetes were the predominant NSMs, of which Schizophyllum commune was the most common agent in allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM), followed by Ceriporia lacerata in invasive fungal disease. Porostereum spadiceum, Phanaerochaete stereoides, Neosartorya fischeri, and Marasmiellus palmivorus were the other molds observed. Application of ITS and LSU region sequencing identified 92% of the isolates. The antifungal susceptibility data revealed that all basidiomycetes tested were susceptible to amphotericin B and resistant to caspofungin, fluconazole, and flucytosine. Except for 3 isolates of S. commune and a solitary isolate of M. palmivorus, all basidiomycetes had low MICs for itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. Basidiomycetes were isolated from patients with ABPM, invasive pulmonary mycosis/pneumonia, or fungal balls. In addition, the majority of the basidiomycetes were isolated from patients with chronic respiratory disorders who were sensitized to one of the basidiomycetous fungi and demonstrated precipitating antibodies against the incriminating fungi, indicating an indolent tissue reaction. Thus, isolation of basidiomycetes from the lower respiratory tract could be significant, and it is important to monitor these patients in order to prevent subsequent lung damage.

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Clinical characteristics of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis caused by Schizophyllum commune

Oguma,

Ishiguro,

Kamei

et al. 2023

Clinical & Translational All

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BackgroundAllergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) is an allergic disease caused by type I and type III hypersensitivity to environmental fungi. Schizophyllum commune, a basidiomycete fungus, is one of the most common fungi that causes non‐Aspergillus ABPM.ObjectiveHerein, we attempted to clarify the clinical characteristics of ABPM caused by S. commune (ABPM‐Sc) compared with those of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA).MethodsPatients with ABPM‐Sc or ABPA were recruited from a nationwide survey in Japan, a multicenter cohort, and a fungal database at the Medical Mycology Research Center of Chiba University. The definition of culture‐positive ABPM‐Sc/ABPA is as follows: (1) fulfills five or more of the 10 diagnostic criteria for ABPM proposed by Asano et al., and (2) positive culture of S. commune/Aspergillus spp. in sputum, bronchial lavage fluid, or mucus plugs in the bronchi.ResultsThirty patients with ABPM‐Sc and 46 with ABPA were recruited. Patients with ABPM‐Sc exhibited less severe asthma and presented with better pulmonary function than those with ABPA (p = 0.008–0.03). Central bronchiectasis was more common in ABPM‐Sc than that in ABPA, whereas peripheral lung lesions, including infiltrates/ground‐glass opacities or fibrotic/cystic changes, were less frequent in ABPM‐Sc. Aspergillus fumigatus‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E was negative in 10 patients (34%) with ABPM‐Sc, who demonstrated a lower prevalence of asthma and levels of total serum IgE than those with ABPM‐Sc positive for A. fumigatus‐specific IgE or ABPA.ConclusionsClinical characteristics of ABPM‐Sc, especially those negative for A. fumigatus‐specific IgE, differed from those of ABPA.

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Molecular Characterization and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Schizophyllum commune, an Emerging Basidiomycete in Bronchopulmonary Mycoses

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Schizophyllum radiatum, an Emerging Fungus from Human Respiratory Tract

Schizophyllum radiatum, an Emerging Fungus from Human Respiratory Tract

Clinical Significance and Molecular Characterization of Nonsporulating Molds Isolated from the Respiratory Tracts of Bronchopulmonary Mycosis Patients with Special Reference to Basidiomycetes

Clinical characteristics of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis caused by Schizophyllum commune

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