Molecular characterization and functional analysis of glutathione S-transferase genes of pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) for avermectin

Hao, Xin; Chen, Jie; Tan, Ruina; Ma, Ling; Pan, Jialiang

doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109687

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 61 publications

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“…Avermectin belongs to a series of 16-membered macrocyclic polyketides derived from Streptomyces avermitilis. These compounds exhibit extensive applications in agriculture, veterinary medicine, and medicine due to their minimal harm to hosts and their effectiveness against a wide range of nematodes, mites, and insects [22]. According to statistics, the annual production of avermectin in China reached more than 7000-8000 tons, accounting for almost 80% of the worldwide market [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Pyrolysis Behavior of Avermectin Mycelial Residues and Characterization of Obtained Gas, Liquid, and Biochar

Yang,

Hou,

Chen

et al. 2024

Processes

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The proper disposal of antibiotic mycelial residue (AMR) is a critical concern due to the spread of antibiotics and environmental pollution. Pyrolysis emerges as a promising technology for AMR treatment. In this study, we investigated the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the thermal decomposition behavior and product characteristics of avermectin (AV) mycelial residues. Various characterization techniques were employed to analyze thoroughly the compositions and yields of the obtained gas, liquid, and biochar products. The results indicated that most of the organic matter such as protein, carbohydrate, and aliphatic compounds in AV mycelial residues decomposed intensely at 322 °C and tended to end at 700 °C, with a total weight loss of up to 72.6 wt%. As the pyrolysis temperature increased, the biochar yield decreased from 32.81 wt% to 26.39 wt% because of the enhanced degradation of volatiles and secondary reactions of the formed aromatic rings. Accordingly, more gas components were formed with the gas yield increased from 9.76 wt% to 15.42 wt%. For bio-oil, the contents were maintained in the range of 57.43–60.13 wt%. CO and CO2 dominated the gas components with a high total content of almost 62.37–97.54 vol%. At the same time, abundant acids, esters (42.99–48.85%), and nitrogen-containing compounds (32.14–38.70%) such as nitriles, amides, and nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds were detected for the obtained bio-oil. As for the obtained biochars, particle accumulation and irregular pores were presented on their bulk surface, which was primarily composed of calcium oxalate (CaC2O4) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This work can provide theoretical insights for the harmless disposal and resource recovery for AMR, contributing significantly to the field of solid waste reuse and management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%