Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a Rel gene in the Pacific oyster

Novel Ser74 of NF-κB/CgIκBα Phosphorylated by MAPK/ERK Regulates Temperature Adaptation in Oysters

“…However, several studies have proven that the NF-κB signaling pathway can also be activated by stimuli such as free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and cytokines, which are typical products of temperature stress (Moniruzzaman, Ghosal et al, 2018). Additionally, current studies on phosphorylation-mediated NF-κB regulatory mechanisms in mollusks focus primarily on identifying Rel/NF-κB and IκB homologs and their expression response during biotic stress in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) (Dong et al, 2020, Montagnani, Labreuche et al, 2008, Xu et al, 2015, scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) (Oyanedel et al, 2016), sea sleeve (Euprymna scolopes) (Goodson Michael et al, 2005), abalone (Haliotis discus discus) (Kasthuri et al, 2013) and pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata) (Zhang et al, 2009). Therefore, elucidating the function of phosphorylation of novel Ser74 site at IκB, upstream kinase and signaling cascade pathway mediating its phosphorylation, and downstream REL-activated genes during high temperature will bridge the gap of the phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction for the marine invertebrate in response to the stress and will facilitate understanding the importance and complexity of phosphorylation regulation in temperature adaptation.…”

“…These events cause the nuclear translocation of REL and trigger the activation of downstream gene expression (Chen & Chen, 2013, Perkins, 2006). Over the past decade, the role of NF-κB, which is essential in the antiviral and antibacterial processes for vertebrate and invertebrate cells, has been focused on the study of animal immune defense (Dong, Sang et al, 2020, Ghosh & Hayden, 2008, Goodson Michael, Kojadinovic et al, 2005, Hayden & Ghosh, 2008, Hinz et al, 2012, Kasthuri, Whang et al, 2013, Khush, Leulier et al, 2001, Li, Wang et al, 2019, Oyanedel, Gonzalez et al, 2016, Sang, Dong et al, 2020, Xu, Li et al, 2015, Zhang, Jiang et al, 2009). And current researches has mainly concentrated on its roles in immune diseases (Li & Verma, 2002, Liu, Zhang et al, 2017), inflammation regulation (Liu et al, 2017), and cancer progression (Karin, 2006) in mammals and arthropods (such as D. melanogaster ) (Khush et al, 2001, Sun & Ley, 2008), lacking reports about its response to abiotic stressors, such as temperature.…”