Molecular Characterization and Expression Profiling of Three Transformer-2 Splice Isoforms in the Redclaw Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus

Cai, Lina; Zheng, Jianbo; Jia, Yongyi; Gu, Zhenxin; Liu, Shili; Chi, Meili; Cheng, Sun

doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00631

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…And, the silencing of Bttra2 or Btdsx resulted in male genital deformities (Guo et al, 2018). We were also found that Cqdsx was significantly reduced in the RNAi of CqTra2 in redclaw crayfish (Cai et al, 2020). These results indicate that Hcdmrt is also regulated by Hctra-2, but the regulation is different between the sexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…In medaka (Oryzias latipes), tra-2 transcripts (tra-2a and tra-2b) were mainly expressed in hermaphroditic germ cells before and during their sex differentiation, indicating that both tra2a and tra2b may be involved in the sex differentiation (Shiraishi et al, 2004). Cqtra-2 may play a role in sexual differentiation in the redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus), which is mainly expressed in the ovary and gradually increases with embryonic development (Cai et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Functional Analysis of the Sex-Determiner Transformer-2 Homologue in the Freshwater Pearl Mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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Transformer-2 (Tra-2) is an upstream regulatory element of the sex regulation mechanism in insects and plays a critical role in sex formation. To understand the role of tra-2 in Hyriopsis cumingii, the full-length Hctra-2 (1867 bp) was obtained from the gonads, and sequence alignment with other species showed that HCTRA-2 protein had a highly conserved RRM domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the HCTRA-2 protein was a close relative to of the mollusks TRA-2 protein. The qRT-PCR of tissue-specific expression pattern showed that the Hctra-2 was abundant in gonads, and the expression in testes was higher than that in ovaries (p < 0.01). It suggests that Hctra-2 may play a potential regulatory role in gonadal development of H. cumingii. In the early gonadal development, the Hctra-2 expression was the highest on the third day after fertilization and increased slightly from 4 months to 5 months, which may be related to the embryonic sex determination and early gonadal development. In situ hybridization showed that Hctra-2 mRNA signals were present in both male and female gonads. After silencing Hctra-2 by RNAi, the expression levels of Hcfem-1b and Hcdmrt were changed. It is speculated that there may be a certain relationship between them, which plays an important role in the sex regulation of H. cumingii. Our research will help to deepen our understanding of the shellfish sex determination mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Functional Analysis of the Sex-Determiner Transformer-2 Homologue in the Freshwater Pearl Mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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“…nipponense [ 43 ], and C . quadricarinatus [ 44 ]. Although the nucleotide sequences are similar to D .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentially expressed genes in the testes from early to mature development of banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis)

Saetan,

Chotigeat

2023

PLoS ONE

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Banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) is an economically important species in Thailand owing to the high value of globally exported frozen brine shrimps. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing spermatogenesis and testicular development in this species are poorly understood. High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to investigate the mechanisms and regulated genes involved in testis development using transcriptome profiling of juvenile and adult banana shrimp testes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in these two libraries were identified and quantified to confirm gene expression. DEGs were found in 7,347 genes, with 4,465 upregulated and 2,882 downregulated. Some of these genes were designated as candidate genes, and six specific DEGs, including PRM1, SPATA20, Sry, SSRF, Sxl, and Tra-2c, were selected to confirm the reliability of the RNA-seq data using qPCR. Moreover, six non-DEGs were chosen based on testis-specific and regulatory genes that support a specific function in spermatogenesis and testis development in this species, including Dsx, Gfra2, IAG, Sox9, Sox13, and Sox14A. Furthermore, Sry, Sox14A, Sox14B and SPATA20 were identified in early stages (nauplius-postlarvae) of shrimp development to provide more information involving testes formation and development. The transcript data from this study could differentiate a group of genes required at the early and late stages of testis development and both sets of testis development. Therefore, this information would help in manipulating each stage of testicular development.

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“…This study identified and characterized putative sex determining genes in P. monodon , including PmOvtra 2 , Pmfru-1 , and Pmfru-2. Transformer 2 has been reported as a key gene for sex determination in some insects and crustaceans by regulating RNA splicing ( Cai et al, 2020 ). Transformer 2 protein forms a heterodimer with Tra protein and acts as a splicing factor on downstream RNA that requires sex-specific splicing ( Nöthiger & Steinmann-Zwicky, 1985 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization and expression profiling of transformer 2 and fruitless-like homologs in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon

Thaijongrak

Chotwiwatthanakun

Laphyai

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Transformer 2 (tra 2) and fruitless (fru) genes have been proven to play a key role in sex determination pathways in many Arthropods, including insects and crustaceans. In this study, a paralog of P. monodon tra 2 (Pmtra 2), P. monodon ovarian associated transformer 2 (PmOvtra 2) and 2 isoforms of P. monodon fruitless-like gene (Pmfru-1 and Pmfru-2) were identified and characterized. The full cDNA sequence of PmOvtra 2 consisted of 1,774 bp with the longest open reading frame (ORF) of 744 bp encoding for 247 amino acids. The PmOvtra 2 exhibited a predicted RNA-recognition motif (RRM) domain and two arginine-serine (RS) regions, suggesting its function in RNA splicing. The full cDNA sequence of Pmfru-1 consisted of 1,306 bp with 1,182 bp ORF encoding for 393 amino acids, whereas the full cDNA sequence of Pmfru-2 consisted of 1,858 bp with 1,437 bp ORF encoding 478 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequences of Pmfru-1 and Pmfru-2 exhibited highly conserved domains of Fru proteins, including Broad-complex, Tramtrack and Bric-a-brac (BTB), and zinc finger (ZF) domains. In addition, Pmfru-1 and Pmfru-2 were suggestively originated from the same single genomic locus by genomic sequence analysis. Specifically, Pmfru pre-mRNA was alternatively spliced for Pmfru-1 and Pmfru-2 to include mutually exclusive exon 7 and exon 6, respectively. Temporal and spatial expression of PmOvtra 2, Pmfru-1, and Pmfru-2 were also investigated by qPCR. The results showed that all were expressed in early developmental stages with undifferentiated gonads starting from nauplius until postlarvae. The expression of PmOvtra 2 started at nauplius stage and gradually increased from mysis to postlarvae (PL) 1. However, the expression of Pmfru-1 was low at the nauplii stage and slightly increased from protozoea to PL5, whereas the expression of Pmfru-2 maintained a low level from nauplius to mysis and then gradually increased at the PL stages. Expressions of PmOvtra 2, Pmfru-1, and Pmfru-2 were detected in various tissues including nervous tissue, gill, heart, hepatopancreas, gut, and gonads. Interestingly, the sexually dimorphic expression of PmOvtra 2, Pmfru-1, and Pmfru-2 was demonstrated in fully developed gonads in which the ovary showed significantly higher expressions than the testis. The great difference in the expression pattern of PmOvtra 2, Pmfru-1, and Pmfru-2 in the ovary and testis suggested their roles in the female sex determination in P. monodon.

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Molecular Characterization and Expression Profiling of Three Transformer-2 Splice Isoforms in the Redclaw Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Identification and Functional Analysis of the Sex-Determiner Transformer-2 Homologue in the Freshwater Pearl Mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii

Identification and Functional Analysis of the Sex-Determiner Transformer-2 Homologue in the Freshwater Pearl Mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii

Differentially expressed genes in the testes from early to mature development of banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis)

Molecular characterization and expression profiling of transformer 2 and fruitless-like homologs in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon

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