Molecular characterization and expression analysis of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6) like gene involved in antibacterial innate immune of fresh water crayfish, Procambarus clarkii

Integrative Omics Analysis Reveals the Immunomodulatory Effects of the Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium on Crustacean Immunity

“…MAPKAPK2 played a vital role in regulating the production of inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) [92], which participated in regulating the expression of important antimicrobial molecules (e.g. ALFs, crustins) in crustacean antibacterial immune responses [93][94][95]. The elevated MAPKAPK2 levels induced by H. perezi might regulate the production of specific host's immune effector molecules (e.g.…”

The role of pattern recognition receptors in crustacean innate immunity

“…36,92,320,321 Essentially, the role of the Toll-Dorsal cascade in P. clarkii is elucidated due to the molecular characterization of a few (but not all) Toll signalling components such as MyD88, TRAF6 and Dorsal. 313 Likewise, in the mud crab S. paramamosain, the Toll signalling pathway genes such as Toll1, Toll2, MyD88, Tube, Pelle, TRAF6 and Dorsal demonstrate the requirement of Toll-Dorsal cascade in the host defence against pathogen invasion. 322 Evidence suggests another NF-κB signalling pathway in S. paramamosain wherein Toll-MyD88 complex recruits Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1/4 (IRAK 1/4) and IRF5, modulating ish.…”

“…Other Toll receptors in P. clarkii , such as Toll, Toll3, Toll4 and Toll5, have also been involved in the regulation of the expression of AMPs to bacterial and viral pathogens that primarily involved the canonical Toll‐Dorsal pathway 36,92,320,321 . Essentially, the role of the Toll‐Dorsal cascade in P. clarkii is elucidated due to the molecular characterization of a few (but not all) Toll signalling components such as MyD88, TRAF6 and Dorsal 313 . Likewise, in the mud crab S. paramamosain , the Toll signalling pathway genes such as Toll1, Toll2, MyD88, Tube, Pelle, TRAF6 and Dorsal demonstrate the requirement of Toll‐Dorsal cascade in the host defence against pathogen invasion 322 .…”

“…310 Further, in crustaceans, unlike the Drosophila model, MyD88/ Tube/TRAF6 as a heterotrimeric complex is activated by the Spätzle-Toll complex, while Pelle is autophosphorylated and disassociated from the complex. 311 The role of Pelle is effectively processed by TRAF6, as MyD88/Tube/TRAF6 transduces signals to the Dorsal/ Cactus complex regulating the expression of AMP genes 312,313 (Figure 4). Pellino is supposed to increase the activity of the Dorsal.…”

The potential of antimicrobial peptides isolated from freshwater crayfish species in new drug development: A review

“…Among the components of the Toll or Toll-like receptor signalling pathway, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a multifunctional molecule, which is conserved from Drosophila to human (Mao et al, 2017). In the red swamp crayfish P. clarkii, Pc-Traf6 was knocked down after exposure to S. aureus and E. ictaluri and the expression levels of some immunity effectors (ALF3, Lysozyme 1, Lectin 1 and Crustin 2) were significantly suppressed (Li et al, 2020). In the Chinese mitten crab E. sinensis, the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (My88), an essential adapter protein that is involved in the activation of the Toll-like receptor/interleukin-1 receptor mediated signalling pathway, has been identified and named as EsMy88.…”