Molecular characterization and antifungal activity of lipopeptides produced from Bacillus subtilis against plant fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata

Abstract

Over 380 host plant species have been known to develop leaf spots as a result of the fungus Alternaria alternata. It is an aspiring pathogen that affects a variety of hosts and causes rots, blights, and leaf spots on different plant sections. In this investigation, the lipopeptides from the B. subtilis strains T3, T4, T5, and T6 were evaluated for their antifungal activities. In the genomic DNA, iturin, surfactin, and fengycin genes were found recovered from B. subtilis bacterium by PCR amplification. From different B. subtilis strains, antifungal Lipopeptides were extracted, identified by HPLC, and quantified with values for T3 (24 g/ml), T4 (32 g/ml), T5 (28 g/ml), and T6 (18 g/ml). To test the antifungal activity, the isolated lipopeptides from the B. subtilis T3, T4, T5, and T6 strains were applied to Alternaria alternata at a concentration of 10 g/ml. Lipopeptides were found to suppress Alternaria alternata at rates of T3 (75.14%), T4 (75.93%), T5 (80.40%), and T6 (85.88%). The T6 strain outperformed the other three by having the highest antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata (85.88%).

Identification, validation and quantification of thymoquinone in conjunction with assessment of bioactive possessions and GC-MS profiling of pharmaceutically valuable crop Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) varieties

“…p-Cymene, also known as p-isopropyl toluene, is a naturally occurring alkyl-substituted aromatic chemical found in essential oils of various medicinal and aromatic plants, as well as several edible plants. Studies have revealed that p-cymene has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal effects ( Harish et al, 2023 ). Additionally, p-cymene has been associated with analgesic, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, vasorelaxant, and neuroprotective properties ( Verruck et al, 2019 ).…”

Bacillus‐derived consortium enhances Ginkgo biloba's health and resistance to Alternaria tenuissima

“…A sixfold dilution of cell‐free supernatant of B. vallismortis T27 showed a complete inhibitory effect on Valsa mali hyphae growth, and treatment with T27 resulted in a 35.9% reduction in lesion areas on detached twigs 9 . Compared to the other three, B. subtilis T6 had the higher antifungal activity against A. alternata (85.88%), which can infect more than 380 host plants, and cause rots, blights and leaf spots on different plant sections 10 . In addition, Bacillus , known as a plant–growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), has been studied under greenhouse and field conditions, and has shown many significant traits and properties, including secreting indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and phosphate solubilization, which allow direct growth promotion in plants 11 .…”

“…9 Compared to the other three, B. subtilis T6 had the higher antifungal activity against A. alternata (85.88%), which can infect more than 380 host plants, and cause rots, blights and leaf spots on different plant sections. 10 In addition, Bacillus, known as a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), has been studied under greenhouse and field conditions, and has shown many significant traits and properties, including secreting indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and phosphate solubilization, which allow direct growth promotion in plants. 11 B. subtilis FJ3 and its metabolites caused 24.01% and 10.46% growth promotion in chickpea, respectively.…”