Molecular characteristics of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids, ω-oxocarboxylic acids, pyruvic acid and α-dicarbonyls in the aerosols from the eastern North Pacific

Distribution and stable carbon isotopic composition of dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls in fresh and aged biomass burning aerosols

“…Due to their high water solubility and other physicochemical properties, diacids affect the hygroscopic growth of particulate matter (PM), and these compounds are involved in the activation of cloud condensation nuclei and formation of ice nuclei (Kawamura and Bikkina, 2016). Diacids and related compounds have been found in a wide variety of environments including urban settings (Ho et al, 2006;Kawamura and Ikushima, 1993;Meng et al, 2020;Sorathia et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2002Wang et al, , 2012, mountains ranges (Kawamura et al, 2013;Kunwar et al, 2019) and remote marine atmospheres (Hoque et al, 2020;Kawamura and Usukura, 1993). They also have been reported in both the Arctic and Antarctic aerosols (Kawamura et al, 1996a, b;Narukawa et al, 2002Narukawa et al, , 2003 as well as polar ice cores (Legrand and De Angelis, 1996;Kawamura et al, 2001).…”

Distribution and stable carbon isotopic composition of dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in fresh and aged biomass burning aerosols

“…These results are further evidence that PM 2.5 oxalic acid is largely produced by secondary photochemical processes rather than direct emissions in biomass burning. This also is a likely reason why C 2 is often the most abundant diacid in ambient samples, especially in the oceanic and other remote areas (Hoque et al, 2020;Kawamura and Usukura, 1993;Kawamura and Sakaguchi, 1999;Kunwar and Kawamura, 2014;Hegde and Kawamura, 2012;Kawamura and Bikkina, 2016;Wang et al, 2012). Two-day aging appeared to be sufficient for maize, with degradation after 7-day.…”

“…Due to their high water-solubility and other physicochemical properties, diacids affect the hygroscopic growth of particulate matter (PM), and these compounds are involved in the activation of cloud condensation nuclei and formation of ice nuclei (Kawamura and Bikkina, 2016). Diacids and related compounds have been found in a wide variety of environments including urban settings (Ho et al, 2006;Kawamura and Ikushima, 1993;Meng et al, 2020;Sorathia et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2002Wang et al, , 2012, mountains ranges (Kawamura et al, 2013;Kunwar et al, 2019), and remote marine atmospheres (Hoque et al, 2020;Kawamura and Usukura, 1993).…”

Photochemical Degradation of Organic Matter in the Atmosphere

“…[61] Zhao et al [50] suggest that the organic acids at the ground level were greatly related to local traffic emissions, whereas the long distance transport followed by atmospheric photochemical aging contributed greater to dicarboxylic acids and related com pounds in the atmospheric boundary layer than the ground surface in urban Beijing. Hoque et al [62] demonstrated that atmospheric levels of watersoluble organic aerosols including dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in the eastern North Pacific are significantly dependent on primary productivity fol lowed by seatoair releases of isoprene and unsaturated fatty acids and the subsequent photochemical oxidation. Similarly, Yang et al [56] found that high levels of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in airborne aerosols were related to high levels of chlorophyll a at the sea surface during the cruise from Scheme 2.…”