Molecular characteristics of the re‐emerged avian leukosis virus in China, 2018–2019

Zhang, Yawen; Su, Qi; Zhang, Zhihui; Cui, Zhizhong; Chang, Shuang; Zhao, Peng

doi:10.1111/tbed.13440

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Since the rst strain of ALV-J, HPRS-103, was isolated from meat-type breeder chickens in the UK in 1988, it has rapidly spread around the world, causing severe economic losses to the poultry industry [4,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-emergence of Avian leukosis virus subgroup J in the rooster of Hy-line brown layers and its transmission pattern in flocks

Meng

Gao³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is the most prevalent subgroup in chickens and exhibits increasing pathogenicity and stronger horizontal and vertical transmission ability among different kinds of chickens. Although vertical transmission of ALV-J from hens infected through artificial insemination was reported before by the detection of swabs and serum, but there was no further research on the transmission pattern of ALVs in the roosters. In the present study, the introduction of Hy-line brown roosters significantly increased the p27 positive rate of ALV in an indigenous flock detected by ELISA and virus isolation. Sequence analysis and IFA showed that it is classified into ALV-J subgroup, locating in a new branch compared with the domestic and foreign referential sequences. Meanwhile, the gp85 gene of the ALV-J isolated in the hens and its albumens had a homology of 94.1–99.7% with that in the roosters, which means that the strain is quite likely transmitted to the hens and their offspring through insemination of the roosters. In addition, there are four ALV-J infection status in plasma and semen of rooster (V + S+, V-S+, V + S-, V-S-), so the eradication of ALV in rooster requires simultaneous virus isolation of semen and plasma. Additionally, compared with ALV detection in samples by DF-1 cells, directly detecting ALV in semen by ELISA exists some false positives. Collectively, our results suggested that the incomplete eradication process of roosters leads to the sporadic findings of ALV-J in laying hens

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-emergence of Avian leukosis virus subgroup J in the rooster of Hy-line brown layers and its transmission pattern in flocks

Meng

Gao³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Meanwhile, local Chinese chickens are subjected to consistent ALV-J infection ( 5 ). Recently, analysis of the re-emerging outbreak of ALV-J in China indicated that there are new strains with the same ancestors, but they had gone through different evolutionary trajectories ( 6 ). Those new isolated ALV-J strains show salient differences in clinical symptoms compared with those from the early 2000s, including morbidity, mortality, and organ type of tumors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycosylation of ALV-J Envelope Protein at Sites 17 and 193 Is Pivotal in the Virus Infection

Qian

Shao

et al. 2022

J Virol

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Glycans on envelope glycoprotein (Env) of the subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) play an essential role in virion integrity and infection process. In this study, we found that among the 13 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites (NGSs) in gp85 of Tibetan chicken strain TBC-J6, N17 and N193/N191 are pivotal in the virus replication. Further research illustrated that mutation at N193 weakened Env-receptor binding in blocking assay of viral entrance, co-immunoprecipitation and ELISA. Our studies also showed that N17 was involved in Env protein processing and later virion incorporation, based on the detection of p27 and Env protein in the supernatant and gp37 in the cell culture. This report is a systematic research on clarifying the biological function of NGSs on ALV-J gp85 , which would provide valuable insights in the role of gp85 in ALV life cycle as well as anti-ALV-J strategies. Importance ALV-J is a retrovirus that can cause multiple types of tumors in chickens. Among all the viral proteins, the heavily glycosylated envelope protein is especially crucial. Glycosylation plays a major role in Env protein function, including protein processing, receptor attachment and immune evasion. Notably, viruses isolated recently seem to lose the 6 th and 11 st NGSs, which are proved to be important in receptor binding. In our study, the 1 st (N17) and 8 th (N193) NGS of gp85 of strain TBC-J6 can largely influence the titer of this virus. Deglycosylation at N193 weakened Env-receptor binding, while mutation at N17 influenced Env protein processing. This study systemically analyzed the function of NGSs in ALV-J in different aspects, which may help us to understand the lifecycle of ALV-J and provide antiviral targets for the control of ALV-J.

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“…Although ALV has been eradicated in avian flocks in most developed countries, ALV infection and prevalence is still present in China. Almost all chicken breeds, including white-feather broilers, layers, yellow-feather broilers and especially Chinese indigenous chickens, have been affected by ALV epidemics [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of env gene and LTR sequence in the pathogenesis of subgroup K avian leukosis virus

Liu

Lin

et al. 2022

Journal of General Virology

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Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a retrovirus that induces tumours in infected birds; ALV is divided into different subgroups according to the env gene and cellular tropism. In general, ALV subgroup J (ALV-J) is considered to be the most pathogenic and prevalent subgroup while subgroup K (ALV-K), a newly identified subgroup, only causes mild symptoms. To illuminate the roles of the env viral gene and LTR sequence in pathogenic differences between ALV-J and ALV-K, rescued ALV-J strain rSDAU1005, rescued ALV-K strain rJS11C1, and recombinant strains rENV(J)-LTR(K) and rENV(K)-LTR(J) were characterized and investigated in this study. Among rescued viruses, rSDAU1005 had the highest replication efficiency while rJS11C1 replicated the slowest (replication efficiency rankings were rSDAU1005 >rENV(K)-LTR(J)>rENV(J)-LTR(K)>rJS11 C1). The luciferase reporter gene assay results showed that the promoter activity of ALV-K LTR was lower than that of the ALV-J LTR promoter, which may have accounted for the slower replication efficiency of ALV-K. Pathogenicity of the four rescued viruses was determined via inoculating the yolk sacs of specific-pathogen-free chickens. The results demonstrated that all four viruses were pathogenic; rSDAU1005 caused the most severe growth retardation and immunosuppression. rENV(J)-LTR(K) was more pathogenic when compared to rENV(K)-LTR(J), indicating that env and the LTR sequence play important roles in pathogenicity between ALV-K and ALV-J. Additionally, env seemed to especially play a role in ALV-K pathogenesis. This study provided scientific data and insight to improve detection methods and judgement criteria in ALV clearance and surveillance.

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Molecular characteristics of the re‐emerged avian leukosis virus in China, 2018–2019

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Re-emergence of Avian leukosis virus subgroup J in the rooster of Hy-line brown layers and its transmission pattern in flocks

Re-emergence of Avian leukosis virus subgroup J in the rooster of Hy-line brown layers and its transmission pattern in flocks

Glycosylation of ALV-J Envelope Protein at Sites 17 and 193 Is Pivotal in the Virus Infection

Role of env gene and LTR sequence in the pathogenesis of subgroup K avian leukosis virus

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