Molecular characteristics of microalgal extracellular polymeric substances were different among phyla and correlated with the extracellular persistent free radicals

Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective

“…Conversely, if EPFRs play a positive role in pollution control, their influence should be enhanced and utilized, as seen in applications such as biochar for organic contaminant degradation. 488 Although EPFR formation has been studied in various processes, 489 , 490 understanding the preferred or unpreferred conditions for EPFR formation and quantitative descriptions of their generation and decay kinetics remains limited. EPFRs differ from common contaminants, being highly dynamic and composed of various structures, necessitating studies on their environmental behavior and risks and the development of standardized experimental protocols and standard reference samples.…”

“… 495 Multimedia models integrate the fate and transport processes across multiple compartments to assess the overall environmental behavior of pollutants on regional to global scales. 490 Pharmacokinetic models focus on the uptake, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of pollutants within organisms. These models draw from the findings of laboratory and field experiments to represent the physicochemical, mineralogical, and hydraulic properties of ECs, adsorption-desorption, chemical/biological transformation, and their retention in and exchange across environmental compartments.…”