Molecular Characteristics of Kraft-AQ Pulping Lignin Fractionated by Sequential Organic Solvent Extraction

Wang, Kun; Xu, Feng; Sun, Run‐Cang

doi:10.3390/ijms11082988

Cited by 103 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…PDIs of 2 or lower are seen for all fractions, whereas the initial index of the unfractionated KL was higher than 6. The sequential membrane fractionation of lignins ( Toledano et al 2010 ;Sevastyanova et al 2014 ) and other solvent-based fractionations ( M ö rck et al 1988 ;Sun et al 2000 ;Yuan et al 2009 ;Wang et al 2010 ) led to similar data.…”

Section: From Solvent Screening To Sequential Fractionationsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…M ö rck et al (1986) successively applied dichloromethane, isopropanol, methanol (MeOH), and a mixture of MeOH and dichloromethane to extract fractions of increasing molecular weights (MWs). Later on, many authors implemented similar strategies, with different solvents including hexane ( Wang et al 2010 ;Cui et al 2014 ), diethyl ether ( Vanderlaan and Thring 1998 ;Yuan et al 2009 ;Wang et al 2010 ;Ropponen et al 2011 ;Li et al 2012 ), ethyl acetate (EtOAc; Li et al 2012 ), propan-1-ol ( Sun et al 2000 ;Yuan et al 2009 ;Gosselink et al 2010 ), acetone ( Ropponen et al 2011 ;Li et al 2012 ;Boeriu et al 2014 ;Cui et al 2014 ), or dioxane ( Yuan et al 2009 ;Wang et al 2010 ;Li et al 2012 ). Lignin fractions obtained by sequential solvent extractions have been tested for various applications, including the elaboration of polymer blends ( Pouteau et al 2003 ;Yue et al 2012 ), the preparation of polyurethanes ( Vanderlaan and Thring 1998 ) or adhesives ( Gosselink et al 2010 ), or the use as antioxidants ( Li et al 2012 ;Arshanitsa et al 2013 ) or dispersants for carbon nanotubes ( Teng et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solvent screening for the fractionation of industrial kraft lignin

Duval¹,

Vilaplana²,

et al. 2015

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The polydispersity of commercially available kraft lignins (KLs) is one of the factors limiting their applications in polymer-based materials. A prerequisite is thus to develop lignin fractionation strategies compatible with industrial requirements and restrictions. For this purpose, a solvent-based lignin fractionation technique has been addressed. The partial solubility of KL in common industrial solvents compliant with the requirements of sustainable chemistry was studied, and the results were discussed in relation to Hansen solubility parameters. Based on this screening, a solvent sequence is proposed, which is able to separate well-defined KL fractions with low polydispersity

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Section: From Solvent Screening To Sequential Fractionationsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent screening for the fractionation of industrial kraft lignin

Duval¹,

Vilaplana²,

et al. 2015

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“…Because of its biodegradability, renewability, and low cost, the development and application of lignin have been of interest for many researchers (Funaoka 1999;Ibrahim et al 2011;Yuan and Huang 2011;Wang et al 2010). Commercially, lignin is obtained as a by-product of 'wood free' papermaking (Guigo et al 2010;Suhas et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Properties of Alkaline Lignin / Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Blend Membranes

Ren

Wang

et al. 2013

BioResources

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Membranes were prepared from alkaline lignin and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by a film casting method, and their properties were evaluated. These blend membranes can aptly be termed as green by nature as they are totally non-toxic and eco-friendly. The optimal mass ratio was determined based on the mechanical properties of membranes. The microstructure, mechanical properties, oxygen and carbon dioxide transmission, light transmittance, and thermal stability of the membranes were investigated. The blend membrane exhibited better thermal stability and barrier performance to oxygen and carbon dioxide than a PVA membrane due to the incorporation of alkaline lignin. Both tensile strength and elongation at break were increased with increasing mass fraction of alkaline lignin up to 15%, at which point the maximum of tensile strength and elongation at break were 43.65 MPa and 211.6%, respectively. The blockage of visible light at 600 nm was 62.36%, which was an improvement of 314.90% compared with the PVA membrane (13.36%). Based on this result, we suggest that the mechanical properties of blend membrane containing 15% alkaline lignin are excellent and better than PVA membrane (40.26 MPa, 179.37%). Thus, an alkaline lignin/PVA blend membrane was judged to be potentially suitable as an eco-friendly packing material.

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“…If ethanol industries based on lignocellulosic biomass grow in the near future, the integration of transition of materials from lignin and overall heat balance need to be considered [16]. Therefore, studying the isolation, structural characterization and potential utilization of lignin appears to be crucial, and has become very intense in industries such as, agriculture and the paper industry [17]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cotton Stalk Treated in an Ammonia Hydrothermal System

Kang

Xiao

Meng

et al. 2012

IJMS

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To investigate the potential for the utilization of cotton stalk, ammonia hydrothermal treatment was applied to fractionate the samples into aqueous ammonia-soluble and ammonia-insoluble portions. The ammonia-soluble portion was purified to yield lignin fractions. The lignin fractions obtained were characterized by wet chemistry (carbohydrate analysis) and spectroscopy methods (FT-IR, 13C and 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectroscopy) as well as gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results showed that the cotton stalk lignin fractions were almost absent of neutral sugars (0.43%–1.29%) and had relatively low average molecular weights (1255–1746 g/mol). The lignin fractions belonged to typical G-S lignin, which was composed predominately of G-type units (59%) and noticeable amounts of S-type units (40%) together with a small amount of H-type units (~1%). Furthermore, the ammonia-extractable lignin fractions were mainly composed of β-O-4′ inter-unit linkages (75.6%), and small quantities of β-β′ (12.2%), together with lower amounts of β-5′ carbon-carbon linkages (7.4%) and p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol end groups.

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Molecular Characteristics of Kraft-AQ Pulping Lignin Fractionated by Sequential Organic Solvent Extraction

Cited by 103 publications

References 26 publications

Solvent screening for the fractionation of industrial kraft lignin

Solvent screening for the fractionation of industrial kraft lignin

Fabrication and Properties of Alkaline Lignin / Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Blend Membranes

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cotton Stalk Treated in an Ammonia Hydrothermal System

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