Molecular Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) 1 in Taiwan during 2019–2020

Hsueh, Fu-Chun; Kuo, Kun-Lin; Hsu, Feng-Yang; Wang, Shengyuan; Chiu, Hsien-Jen; Wu, Meng-Tien; Lin, Chuen‐Fu; Huang, Yuhan; Chiou, Ming‐Tang; Lin, Chao‐Nan

doi:10.3390/life13030843

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…One crucial pillar of disease control is the genetic characterization of circulating virus strains in order to identify the origin of infection and determine the routes of transmission between pig farms, within a geographical region or an administrative area. Sequencing one of the most variable genomic regions, the ORF5, is still a gold-standard procedure for surveying these issues [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. The information obtained by means of molecular epidemiology further assists the improvement of external disease control measures of a given pig herd and provides the basis for reliable production of animal goods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Distribution of PRRSV-1 Clades in Hungary with a Focus on the Era of Disease Eradication

Bálint,

Jakab,

Kaszab

et al. 2024

Animals

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the cause of the most severe economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. PRRSV is extremely diverse in Europe, which poses a significant challenge to disease control within a country or any region. With the combination of phylogenetic reconstruction and network analysis, we aimed to uncover the major routes of the dispersal of PRRSV clades within Hungary. In brief, by analyzing >2600 ORF5 sequences, we identified at least 12 clades (including 6 clades within lineage 1 and 3 clades within lineage 3) common in parts of Western Europe (including Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands) and identified 2 novel clades (designated X1 and X2). Of interest, some genetic clades unique to other central European countries, such as the Czech Republic and Poland, were not identified. The pattern of PRRSV clade distribution is consistent with the route of the pig trade among countries, showing that most of the identified clades were introduced from Western Europe when fatteners were transported to Hungary. As a result of rigorous implementation of the national eradication program, the swine population was declared officially free from PRRSV. This map of viral diversity and clade distribution will serve as valuable baseline information for the maintenance of PRRSV-free status in the post-eradication era.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Distribution of PRRSV-1 Clades in Hungary with a Focus on the Era of Disease Eradication

Bálint,

Jakab,

Kaszab

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…To date, PRRSV-1 infection continues and has been prevalent in at least 23 regions in China. It is widely distributed in central, northern, southern, eastern, northeastern and southwestern China ( Figure 2 ) [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: The Emergence and Prevalence Of Prrsv-1 In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, most cases of infections with Chinese PRRSV-1 showed milder clinical symptoms, weaker pathogenicity, lower viral load and fewer clinical symptoms than cases of infections with Chinese PRRSV-2 [ 34 , 37 , 40 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ]. As a result, PRRSV-2 has received more attention, while the study of PRRSV-1 has been neglected in China.…”

Section: Pathogenicity Of Chinese Prrsv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, PRRSV-1 has been increasingly isolated in China. To date, PRRSV-1 has spread to more than 23 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. To provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of PRRS, we summarized and analyzed the genomes of all Chinese PRRSV-1 strains in GenBank, reviewed the prevalence of PRRSV-1 in China, and clarified the genomic characteristics, pathogenicity, vaccine status, and prevention and control management system of PRRSV-1 in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress in Studies of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 in China

Sun

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Due to the high incidence of PRRSV mutation and recombination, PRRSV infection is difficult to prevent and control in China and worldwide. Two species of PRRSV, Betaarterivirus suid 1 (PRRSV-1) and Betaarterivirus suid 2 (PRRSV-2), exist in China, and PRRSV-1 has always received less attention in China. However, the number of PRRSV-1 strains detected in China has increased recently. To date, PRRSV-1 has spread to more than 23 regions in China. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of ORF5 and the whole genome of PRRSV-1, Chinese PRRSV-1 can be divided into at least seven independent subgroups. Among them, BJEU06-1-like has become the mainstream subgroup in some regions of China. This subgroup of strains has a 5-aa (4 + 1) characteristic discontinuous deletion pattern at aa 357~aa 360 and aa 411 in Nsp2. Previous studies have indicated that the pathogenicity of PRRSV-1 in China is mild, but recent studies found that the pathogenicity of PRRSV-1 was enhanced in China. Therefore, the emergence of PRRSV-1 deserves attention, and the prevention and control of PRRSV-1 infection in China should be strengthened. PRRSV infection is usually prevented and controlled by a combination of virus monitoring, biosafety restrictions, herd management measures and vaccination. However, the use of PRRSV-1 vaccines is currently banned in China. Thus, we should strengthen the monitoring of PRRSV-1 and the biosafety management of pig herds in China. In this review, we summarize the prevalence of PRRSV-1 in China and clarify the genomic characteristics, pathogenicity, vaccine status, and prevention and control management system of PRRSV-1 in China. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to provide a basis for further development of prevention and control measures for PRRSV-1.

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“…Due to the prevalence of PRRSV-2 in China, most research on NSP2 has focused on this strain. However, there has been an increase in the occurrence of PRRSV-1 in recent years, indicating a need for further investigation into NSP2 and its role in this strain as well [12][13][14]. This study aims to understand the genetic variation of NSP2 protein in the classic strain NSP2 of PRRSV-1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variability and Recombination of the NSP2 Gene of PRRSV-1 Strains in China from 1996 to 2022

Zhang

Luo

Zheng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has been present in China for over 20 years. Due to the continuous mutation of PRRS virus (PRRSV), it causes significant economic losses to the pig industry annually. This study aimed to understand the genetic variation of the PRRSV-1 NSP2 gene in China. A total of 69 PRRSV-1 NSP2 strains, consisting of 25 Chinese and 44 foreign strains, were collected and their nucleotide and amino acid homology were analyzed. Results indicated that the nucleotide homology of NSP2 ranged 42.1–97.0%, while the amino acid homology ranged from 59.4–100.0%. Multiple sequence alignments of NSP2 amino acids from the 69 PRRSV-1 strains were conducted to compare differential sites of NSP2 amino acids between PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. The study revealed that PRRSV-1 had more missing and replaced sites compared to PRRSV-2. A phylogenetic analysis of the NSP2 sequence of 90 PRRSV strains revealed that the genetic relationships between BJEU06-1-like and NMEU09-1-like are relatively close, but far from Amervac-like and HKEU-16-like. Additionally, recombinant analysis showed that four recombination events occurred in the 90 selected PRRSVs, with two occurring in the Chinese PRRSV-1 NSP2 sequence. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the prevalence of PRRSV-1 in China over the past 20 years and will serve as a theoretical basis for the evolution and epidemiology of PRRSV.The abstract serves both as a general introduction to the topic and as a brief, non-technical summary of the main results and their implications. Authors are advised to check the author instructions for the journal they are submitting to for word limits and if structural elements like subheadings, citations, or equations are permitted.

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Molecular Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) 1 in Taiwan during 2019–2020

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Spatiotemporal Distribution of PRRSV-1 Clades in Hungary with a Focus on the Era of Disease Eradication

Spatiotemporal Distribution of PRRSV-1 Clades in Hungary with a Focus on the Era of Disease Eradication

Recent Progress in Studies of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 in China

Genetic Variability and Recombination of the NSP2 Gene of PRRSV-1 Strains in China from 1996 to 2022

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