Molecular cancer prevention: Current status and future directions

Maresso, Karen Colbert; Tsai, Kenneth Y.; Brown, Powel H.; Szabó, Éva; Lippman, Scott M.; Hawk, Ernest T.

doi:10.3322/caac.21287

Cited by 83 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 297 publications

(274 reference statements)

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“…Genetic background and environmental and dietary factors have a role in breast cancer development. In the normal breast tissue, there is a balance between negative and positive growth factors, so to develop, breast cancer requires loss or gain in some functions [5]. The following factors are thought to be related to breast cancer development:…”

Section: Breast Cancer Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it has been suggested that overexpression of oestrogen receptors in the normal breast epithelium increases breast cancer risk in women [5].…”

Section: Hormonal Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those targeted hormonal therapies are very important to stop invasion and metastasis of tumour cells. Blocking DNA mutation is also initiated by using micronutrients and gene therapy to target abnormal pathways that claimed to had a role in carcinogenesis [5].…”

Section: Carcinogenesis and Pathogenesis Of Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that encompasses subtypes characterized by specific molecular biomarkers: oestrogen receptor (ER) positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive, and triple-negative (TNBC) which are ER, progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 negative breast cancers [5]. Perfect diagnosis and detection of molecular abnormalities help in improvement of personalized therapies to block these mutations by targeted therapy.…”

Section: Molecular Targeting Therapy and Personalized Medicine In Brementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This morphological heterogeneity mirrors molecular heterogeneity, as well as morphologically similar tumours may differ in genetic and metabolic processes, and specific genetic abnormalities may influence clinical outcome [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Molecular Fingerprints and Biomarkers of Breast Cancer

Kamel¹,

Al-Amodi²,

Elmoneim³

2017

Breast Cancer - From Biology to Medicine

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Substantial progress has been made over the past three decades in understanding breast cancer (BC) molecular biology, genomics, and targeted therapy. The recent comprehensive molecular and pathological diversity observed in BC patients indicates that BC is not a homogeneous disease; It may be appropriately defined as a myriad of diseases. The explosion of molecular information in the past 10 years has led to a better understanding of the biologic diversity of breast cancers (BCs), and clues to the different etiologic pathways to BC development. It will be useful to study the epigenetics of BC cells and define the mechanisms of both genetic and epigenetic driving alterations beside the mutations. Identifying the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is the purpose cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Oncogenes as well as novel ones involved in the significantly altered regions would enable researchers to identify new causes and molecular pathways that may be targeted at BC treatment. Our main goal is to provide comprehensive understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and hallmarks of BC, focusing on the identification of fingerprints and novel molecular targets that will greatly improve the cancer predictive, prognostic, and diagnostic biomarkers and, in addition, the possible targets for novel therapies.

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Section: Breast Cancer Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it has been suggested that overexpression of oestrogen receptors in the normal breast epithelium increases breast cancer risk in women [5].…”

Section: Hormonal Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carcinogenesis and Pathogenesis Of Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Targeting Therapy and Personalized Medicine In Brementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Molecular Fingerprints and Biomarkers of Breast Cancer

Kamel¹,

Al-Amodi²,

Elmoneim³

2017

Breast Cancer - From Biology to Medicine

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Chemoprevention of Cancer

Hawk¹,

Maresso²,

Brown³

et al. 2022

Holland‐Frei Cancer Medicine

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Overview The field of cancer chemoprevention is underpinned by two phenomena of neoplasia: field carcinogenesis and multistep carcinogenesis. Accurate cancer risk models are critical to chemoprevention, and may accelerate drug development in this setting. The Food and Drug Administration has approved several chemoprevention agents. This article describes cancer risk modeling and phase II/III chemoprevention clinical trials focused on the four major cancer sites in Western populations (lung, colon and rectum, prostate, and breast), as well as broader, site‐agnostic chemoprevention studies. Immunoprevention strategies, including vaccines, are highlighted.

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Variation in organ‐specific PIK3CA and KRAS mutant levels in normal human tissues correlates with mutation prevalence in corresponding carcinomas

Parsons

McKim

Myers

2017

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Large‐scale sequencing efforts have described the mutational complexity of individual cancers and identified mutations prevalent in different cancers. As a complementary approach, allele‐specific competitive blocker PCR (ACB‐PCR) is being used to quantify levels of hotspot cancer driver mutations (CDMs) with high sensitivity, to elucidate the tissue‐specific properties of CDMs, their occurrence as tumor cell subpopulations, and their occurrence in normal tissues. Here we report measurements of PIK3CA H1047R mutant fraction (MF) in normal colonic mucosa, normal lung, colonic adenomas, colonic adenocarcinomas, and lung adenocarcinomas. We report PIK3CA E545K MF measurements in those tissues, as well as in normal breast, normal thyroid, mammary ductal carcinomas, and papillary thyroid carcinomas. We report KRAS G12D and G12V MF measurements in normal colon. These MF measurements were integrated with previously published ACB‐PCR data on KRAS G12D, KRAS G12V, and PIK3CA H1047R. Analysis of these data revealed a correlation between the degree of interindividual variability in these mutations (as log10 MF standard deviation) in normal tissues and the frequencies with which the mutations are detected in carcinomas of the corresponding organs in the COSMIC database. This novel observation has important implications. It suggests that interindividual variability in mutation levels of normal tissues may be used as a metric to identify mutations with critical early roles in tissue‐specific carcinogenesis. Additionally, it raises the possibility that personalized cancer therapeutics, developed to target specifically activated oncogenic products, might be repurposed as prophylactic therapies to reduce the accumulation of cells carrying CDMs and, thereby, reduce future cancer risk. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:466–476, 2017. © 2017 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society

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Molecular cancer prevention: Current status and future directions

Cited by 83 publications

References 297 publications

Molecular Fingerprints and Biomarkers of Breast Cancer

Molecular Fingerprints and Biomarkers of Breast Cancer

Chemoprevention of Cancer

Variation in organ‐specific PIK3CA and KRAS mutant levels in normal human tissues correlates with mutation prevalence in corresponding carcinomas

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