Molecular Breeding Strategies of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. conditiva Alefeld)

Abu-Ellail, Farrag F. B.; Salem, Khaled F. M.; Saleh, Maysoun M.; Alnaddaf, Lina M.; Al–Khayri, Jameel M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66965-2_4

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Factors such as soil fertility, watering, and the application of fertilizers, particularly nitrogen fertilizers after vernalization, have been associated with an increased proportion of bolting plants. Additionally, lower plant densities have been shown to result in more bolting plants [101,112,113].…”

Section: Prerequisites For Sugar Beet Bolting In the Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Causes of Flowering: Two Sides of Bolting in Sugar Beet

Kroupin,

Kroupina,

Karlov

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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Sugar beet is an important root crop with a biennial life cycle. In the first year of its life cycle, it produces huge amounts of leaf and root mass used for the production of sugar and bioethanol, livestock feed, confectionery and pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, and soil restoration. Normally, after exposure to cold temperatures during winter storage, in the second year of its life cycle, it enters its reproductive phase. However, during the first year of growth, sugar beet plants may be susceptible to producing flowering shoots, or “bolting”, due to vernalization and long-day conditions. Bolting reduces both the yield and the sugar content of roots. Here, we review the published research works that study the environmental factors influencing bolting, the genetic (including epigenetic) and physiological mechanisms that regulate the transition to the reproductive phase, and the agrotechnical and breeding practices used to prevent bolting. Models of gene networks that regulate the transition to flowering are presented. Methods for selecting non-bolting plants using conventional, marker-assisted, and genomic breeding are demonstrated. Attention is also paid to the speed breeding technology that stimulates bolting and flowering sugar beet plants in an artificial climate. Growing sugar beet plants “from seed to seed” can potentially accelerate the breeding and seed production of sugar beet. This review compares different conditions for inducing bolting in sugar beet in climatic chambers and greenhouses. It examines parameters such as temperature, duration of light exposure, and light intensity during the pre-vernalization, post-vernalization, and vernalization periods. The present review may be useful for specialists in sugar beet cultivation, breeders working on developing cultivars and hybrids that are resistant to bolting, and molecular biologists studying the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying the transition of plants into the flowering stage.

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Section: Prerequisites For Sugar Beet Bolting In the Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Causes of Flowering: Two Sides of Bolting in Sugar Beet

Kroupin,

Kroupina,

Karlov

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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“…Molecular markers are extensively employed in population genetics due to their utility in evaluating genetic variation. They provide a direct measure of the extent of genetic variation between genotypes at the level of the DNA and establish a connection between phenotypic and genotypic variation [19][20][21]. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are repeating patterns ranging from 1 to 6 bp generally present in eukaryotic organisms' genomes [22] and are frequently utilized in plant breeding as marker types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Excellent Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Germplasm Resources

Peng,

Pi,

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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This study analyzed the genetic diversity, population structure, and cluster analysis of 129 sugar beet germplasm resources to screen superior germplasms for breeding using the 27 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 33 pairs of insertion–deletion (InDel) molecular markers. After integrating the phenotypic variation of 16 descriptive and 4 qualitative phenotypic variables, the genetic variation levels of the 129 sugar beet germplasms’ phenotypic traits were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, and analysis of variance methods. The genetic diversity examination of molecular markers showed a polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.419–0.773 (mean = 0.610). Moreover, the mean number of effective alleles detected via the SSR and InDel markers was 3.054 and 2.298, respectively. Meanwhile, the PIC ranged from 0.130 to 0.602 (mean = 0.462). The population structure analysis revealed the most appropriate K-value, indicating three populations (K = 3). The genetic distances of the 129 germplasm resources ranged from 0.099 to 0.466 (mean = 0.283). The cluster analysis results demonstrated that the germplasms were grouped into three primary classes. Based on the analysis of variance, the two qualitative features with the highest coefficients of variation were petiole width (16.64%) and length (17.11%). The descriptive trait root length index (1.395) exhibited the greatest genetic diversity. The PCA reduced the 20 phenotypic traits into five principal components, contributing 51.151%. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the future selection and breeding of superior sugar beet germplasm resources.

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“…While going through the health benefits of beetroot, several studies were carried out focusing on its growth and development, crop improvement through conventional and molecular breeding, nutrient profiling, cell suspension culture, and metabolic profiling, along with its regulation (Abu-Ellail et al, 2021 ; Carrera et al, 2021 ; Wikandari et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). The underutilized part of getting the maximum yield in a sustainable way is the application of bioprospecting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizae set the stage for plants to produce a higher production of biomolecules and stress-related metabolites: a sustainable alternative of agrochemicals to enhance the quality and yield of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

Yadav,

Kumar,

Jha

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Population explosions, environmental deprivation, and industrial expansion led to an imbalanced agricultural system. Non-judicial uses of agrochemicals have decreased agrodiversity, degraded agroecosystems, and increased the cost of farming. In this scenario, a sustainable agriculture system could play a crucial role; however, it needs rigorous study to understand the biological interfaces within agroecosystems. Among the various biological components with respect to agriculture, mycorrhizae could be a potential candidate. Most agricultural crops are symbiotic with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In this study, beetroot has been chose to study the effect of different AMFs on various parameters such as morphological traits, biochemical attributes, and gene expression analysis (ALDH7B4 and ALDH3I1). The AMF Gm-Funneliformis mosseae (Glomus mosseae), Acaulospora laevis, and GG-Gigaspora gigantean were taken as treatments to study the effect on the above-mentioned parameters in beetroot. We observed that among all the possible combinations of mycorrhizae, Gm+Al+GG performed best, and the Al-alone treatment was found to be a poor performer with respect to all the studied parameters. This study concluded that the more the combinations of mycorrhizae, the better the results will be. However, the phenomenon depends on the receptivity, infectivity, and past nutrient profile of the soil.

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Molecular Breeding Strategies of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. conditiva Alefeld)

Cited by 11 publications

References 183 publications

Root Causes of Flowering: Two Sides of Bolting in Sugar Beet

Root Causes of Flowering: Two Sides of Bolting in Sugar Beet

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Excellent Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Germplasm Resources

Mycorrhizae set the stage for plants to produce a higher production of biomolecules and stress-related metabolites: a sustainable alternative of agrochemicals to enhance the quality and yield of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

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