Molecular Breeding Strategies for Genetic Improvement in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Mahajan, Ritu; Kapoor, Nisha

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23108-8_8

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Thus, plant breeding needs reorientation so as to generate 'smart' crop varieties that have higher yield with fewer inputs. Such crop plants can only be raised by the application of advanced molecular tools 5,6 . This will involve the re-engineering of plants with desirable traits and genetic stability along with the increase in food productivity by two to three folds.…”

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Potential of Molecular Plant Breeding for Sustaining the Global Food Security

Mahajan

Kapoor

2023

Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia

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New alleles are continuously added to bring novel traits which are selected using genetic manipulations. Understanding the genes responsible for a particular phenotype involves recent genomic approaches which are to be integrated with conventional breeding programs for the crop improvement. Use of biotechnological tools merged with the conventional breeding practices has resulted molecular plant breeding which has significant contributions to food production, despite the presence of narrow genetic base in current materials used for breeding purposes. Use of molecular markers along with high-throughput genome sequencing efforts, have dramatically augmented our information to characterize the elite germplasm for the production of hybrids and improved populations. This review focuses on possibilities for the need and application of molecular breeding tools in the genetic improvement of the crop plants which can ensure sustainable food production for the increasing global population.

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confidence: 99%

Potential of Molecular Plant Breeding for Sustaining the Global Food Security

Mahajan

Kapoor

2023

Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia

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Genome‐wide scanning to identify and validate single nucleotide polymorphism markers associated with drought tolerance in spring wheat seedlings

Sallam,

Dawood,

Jarquín

et al. 2024

The Plant Genome

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Unlike other growth stages of wheat, very few studies on drought tolerance have been done at the seedling stage, and this is due to the complexity and sensitivity of this stage to drought stress resulting from climate change. As a result, the drought tolerance of wheat seedlings is poorly understood and very few genes associated with drought tolerance at this stage were identified. To address this challenge, a set of 172 spring wheat genotypes representing 20 different countries was evaluated under drought stress at the seedling stage. Drought stress was applied on all tested genotypes by water withholding for 13 days. Two types of traits, namely morphological and physiological traits were scored on the leaves of all tested genotypes. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) is one of the effective genetic analysis methods that was used to identify target single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and candidate genes for later use in marker‐assisted selection. The tested plant materials were genotyped using 25k Infinium iSelect array (25K) (herein after it will be identified as 25K) (for 172 genotypes) and genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) (for 103 genotypes), respectively. The results of genotyping revealed 21,093 25K and 11,362 GBS‐SNPs, which were used to perform GWAS analysis for all scored traits. The results of GWAS revealed that 131 and 55 significant SNPs were controlling morphological and physiological traits, respectively. Moreover, a total of eight and seven SNP markers were found to be associated with more than one morphological and physiological trait under drought stress, respectively. Remarkably, 10 significant SNPs found in this study were previously reported for their association with drought tolerance in wheat. Out of the 10 validated SNP markers, four SNPs were associated with drought at the seedling stage, while the remaining six SNPs were associated with drought stress at the reproductive stage. Moreover, the results of gene enrichment revealed 18 and six pathways as highly significant biological and molecular pathways, respectively. The selection based on drought‐tolerant alleles revealed 15 genotypes with the highest number of different drought‐tolerant alleles. These genotypes can be used as candidate parents in future breeding programs to produce highly drought‐tolerant genotypes with high genetic diversity. Our findings in this study provide novel markers and useful information on the genetic basis of drought tolerance at early growth stages.

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