Molecular Biology of Microbial Rhodopsins

Intracellular microbial rhodopsin-based optogenetics to control metabolism and cell signaling

“…A detailed description of the structural features and functionality of proteins utilized in intracellular optogenetics is outside the scope of this article, and interested readers are addressed to multiple corresponding reviews discussing structural and functional peculiarities of rhodopsins, also known as retinylidene proteins (e.g., ref. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Nevertheless, we present here some basic information on the structural organization of this biologically relevant protein superfamily, members of which are found in Eukaryotes, Bacteria, and Archaea.…”

“…, ref. 25–31). Nevertheless, we present here some basic information on the structural organization of this biologically relevant protein superfamily, members of which are found in Eukaryotes , Bacteria , and Archaea .…”

A bacteriorhodopsin multisensor system for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol under extreme conditions

“…1,50 Moreover, with modern genetic techniques and gene sequencing tools, an increasing number of microbial rhodopsins have been identied in all kingdoms of life. 51 The newly discovered rhodopsin-like systems and chemical and/or genetic modications of these objects 52,53 may provide "new sensing elements" (whole cells or their parts) for the creation of biosensor monitoring processes under normal and, above all, under extreme conditions. 49,54 The search for analogous systems is also underway.…”