Molecular Biology of Hepatitis Viruses

Seeger, Christoph; Mason, William S.; Lai, Michael M. C.

doi:10.1002/9781119436812.ch62

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 338 publications

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“…The 5’ end of the plus strand is covalently linked to the RNA with a 5’ cap formation. In addition, the viral polymerase (reverse transcriptase) is covalently bound to the 5’ end of the minus strand[ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Linear DNA is the direct precursor of viral DNA that is randomly incorporated into the hepatocytes’ DNA throughout infection. Incorporated DNA has no role in virus replication[ 37 , 38 ]. The HBV genome is highly compact, with four open reading frames (ORFs) overlapping multiple times and encoding seven proteins[ 39 ].…”

Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of HBeAg in serum suggests prevented or decreased virus replication. HBeAg can repress the cellular immune response to HBsAg, thereby reducing perinatal transmission and promoting chronic infection[ 37 , 44 ]. The longest ORF is the P gene, encoding most of the virus genome (80%) and viral polymerase (reverse transcriptase)[ 45 ].…”

Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The longest ORF is the P gene, encoding most of the virus genome (80%) and viral polymerase (reverse transcriptase)[ 45 ]. The ORF X encoding hepatitis B protein X (HBx) activates viral RNA transcription[ 37 , 38 ]. HBx causes the progression of the cell cycle and is essential for activating the transcription of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) after infection[ 37 ].…”

Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis B and circadian rhythm of the liver

Škrlec¹,

Talapko²

2022

WJG

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The circadian rhythm in humans is determined by the central clock located in the hypothalamus’s suprachiasmatic nucleus, and it synchronizes the peripheral clocks in other tissues. Circadian clock genes and clock-controlled genes exist in almost all cell types. They have an essential role in many physiological processes, including lipid metabolism in the liver, regulation of the immune system, and the severity of infections. In addition, circadian rhythm genes can stimulate the immune response of host cells to virus infection. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of liver disease and liver cancer globally. HBV infection depends on the host cell, and hepatocyte circadian rhythm genes are associated with HBV replication, survival, and spread. The core circadian rhythm proteins, REV-ERB and brain and muscle ARNTL-like protein 1, have a crucial role in HBV replication in hepatocytes. In addition to influencing the virus’s life cycle, the circadian rhythm also affects the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of antiviral vaccines. Therefore, it is vital to apply antiviral therapy at the appropriate time of day to reduce toxicity and improve the effectiveness of antiviral treatment. For these reasons, understanding the role of the circadian rhythm in the regulation of HBV infection and host responses to the virus provides us with a new perspective of the interplay of the circadian rhythm and anti-HBV therapy. Therefore, this review emphasizes the importance of the circadian rhythm in HBV infection and the optimization of antiviral treatment based on the circadian rhythm-dependent immune response.

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Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis B and circadian rhythm of the liver

Škrlec¹,

Talapko²

2022

WJG

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“…For instance, the hepatitis A virus is easily transmitted under unhygienic condition and in poor sanitation. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted via blood and also in some case it transmitted from the blood-derived products (Seeger et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnopharmacological survey of herbal remedies used in the treatment of hepatitis

Hussain¹,

Batool²,

Bahar³

et al. 2020

Eth Res Appl

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Background: Hepatitis is a serious illness and can be fatal, which has caused a dangerous ratio round the globe especially in the developed and underdeveloping countries. About 1.4 million deaths are reported each year from the different types of hepatitis especially hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) which cause 90% mortality and the other 10% deaths are caused due to all other hepatitis types.Methods: By using different online database such as Google scholar, Science Direct Navigator, ISI Web of Knowledge, Elsevier, springer link, Test databases, research gate and PubMed, date were retrieved by giving different keywords. Various keywords were used on plants used traditionally to treat hepatitis.Results: A total of 128 medicinal plant species were identified, belonging to 108 genera and 61 botanical families by reviewing 220 research articles. From the study, it showed that the medicinal plants are used from the very ancient time to cure hepatitis worldwide. These medicinal plants are used in different parts of the world as a traditional herbal medicine for the control of hepatitis. Conclusion:Our literature review will help the scientific communities to identify anti-hepatitis plant in order to isolate novel anti-hepatitis natural products.

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Hepatitis Viruses and Hepatoma

Wang

2022

Holland‐Frei Cancer Medicine

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Overview Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, typically the result of virus infections or the exposure of the liver to toxic substances such as alcohol or aflatoxin B. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common causes of transient and persistent liver infections, frequently resulting in hepatitis and, in the context of chronic infections, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B may be worsened by super or co‐infection with hepatitis delta virus, a subviral satellite.

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Molecular Biology of Hepatitis Viruses

Cited by 4 publications

References 338 publications

Hepatitis B and circadian rhythm of the liver

Hepatitis B and circadian rhythm of the liver

Ethnopharmacological survey of herbal remedies used in the treatment of hepatitis

Hepatitis Viruses and Hepatoma

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