Molecular Biology Of Early Olfactory Memory: Figure 1.

Sullivan, Regina M.; Wilson, Donald A.

doi:10.1101/lm.58203

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Figure 2A also illustrated the effect of treatment with adrenergic antagonists on the discrimination of the acetate odor pair. Early learning preference, a simple exclusively neonatal form of learning, was shown to be blocked by treatment with ␤ adrenergic inhibitors (Sullivan and Wilson 2003). In contrast, we found that injection of the general ␤ adrenergic receptor antagonist alprenolol (28 nmol per bulb) did not impair the ability of adult mice to discriminate the acetate odor pair.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 44%

Adrenergic modulation of olfactory bulb circuitry affects odor discrimination

Doucette¹,

Milder²,

Restrepo³

2007

Learn. Mem.

132

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A rodent's survival depends upon its ability to perceive odor cues necessary to guide mate selection, sexual behavior, foraging, territorial formation, and predator avoidance. Arguably, the need to discriminate odor cues in a complex olfactory environment requires a highly adaptable olfactory system. Indeed, it has been proposed that context-dependent modulation of the initial sensory relay could alter olfactory perception. Interestingly, 40% of the adrenergic innervation from the locus coeruleus, fibers that are activated by contextual cues, innervates the first relay station in the olfactory system (the main olfactory bulb). Here we utilize restricted pharmacological inhibition of olfactory bulb noradrenergic receptors in awake-behaving animals. We show that combined blockade of ␣ and ␤ adrenergic receptors does not impair two-odor discrimination behavior per se but does impair the ability to discriminate perceptually similar odors. Thus, contextual cues conveyed by noradrenergic fibers alter processing before the second synapse in the olfactory cortex, resulting in tuning of the ability to discriminate between similar odors.Particularly intriguing, but poorly understood, is the potential role of adrenergic modulation of the main olfactory bulb (MOB) in adults. The MOB receives strong innervation from the locus coeruleus (LC)-noradrenaline (NA) system, and in rodents ∼40% of LC fibers target the MOB. The fibers are known to be densest in the internal plexiform and granule cell layers, less dense in the external plexiform layer, and sparse in the glomerular layer (McLean et al. 1989) (Fig. 1). Both ␣ and ␤ adrenergic receptors are expressed by cells in the MOB (Pieribone et al. 1994;Woo and Leon 1995;Day et al. 1997). Current evidence suggests that the LC-NA system has a behaviorally meaningful role within the MOB of adult animals engaged in olfactory learning tasks. There is a modest but reproducible release of NA in the MOB during operant conditioning in adult mice (Brennan et al. 1998). In addition, detection of the rewarded odor, presumably relayed from the prefrontal cortex to LC, triggers a brief phasic increase in firing of LC neurons (Bouret and Sara 2004). Gray and coworkers also find that the topical application of propranolol, a ␤ adrenergic antagonist, to the MOB abolished changes in ␥ frequency (40-100 Hz) oscillations in the local field potential elicited by the rewarded odor in an odor discrimination task (Gray et al. 1986). The modulation of odor-induced local field potential oscillations has been postulated to play a role in olfactory learning (Martin et al. 2006). Surprisingly, although the adrenergic effect on odor-induced changes in local field potential oscillations found by Gray and coworkers was robust, propranolol did not change the ability of rabbits to discriminate between odors. Data presented in this paper provide an explanation for the paradoxical observation of Gray and coworkers, as we show that blockade of both ␣ and ␤ adrenergic receptors in the MOB is necessary to attain a chan...

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 44%

Adrenergic modulation of olfactory bulb circuitry affects odor discrimination

Doucette¹,

Milder²,

Restrepo³

2007

Learn. Mem.

132

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“…Tactile and olfactory stimuli are the two major sensory inputs from the mother to the rat pup (Moriceau & Sullivan, 2004;Sullivan & Leon, 1986;Sullivan & Wilson, 2003;Sullivan, Wilson, & Leon, 1989). We suggest that the imbalance of these two inputs can affect the development of the pup and induce behavioral and endocrine changes in adulthood.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of neonatal novelty exposure on sexual behavior, fear, and stress‐response in adult rats

Benetti

Araujo

Sanvitto

et al. 2007

Developmental Psychobiology

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Environmental stimuli in early life may result in permanent behavioral and physiological changes. Present study evaluated the effects of exposing pups to a novel environment on behaviors (open-field test and sexual behavior) and prolactin stress-responses in adult male rats. Half of a litter was daily removed outside (OUT) from the nest and stimulated by handling for 3 min, while the other half remained inside (IN) the nest and was also handled for the same period during the first 10 days postpartum. Maternal behavior after all the pups were returned to the nest was not different between IN and OUT littermates. In adulthood, OUT males showed increased general and central locomotion activity in the open-field test, reduced sexual behavior, and attenuated prolactin secretion in response to restraint stress compared with the IN littermates. The repeated exposition of rat pups to a novel environment is a causal factor for the long-lasting behavioral and endocrine changes. The premature exposition of the pup to unfamiliar environments decreases fear and stress-response, and also reduces sexual behavior. We suggest that the absence of the odor of the mother may be crucial to explain the effects detected in adulthood.

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“…Data from neonatal rodents and data from other species are discussed when necessary to make a specific point only but are not extensively reviewed in this article. As extensively reviewed by Sullivan and colleagues (Moriceau and Sullivan 2004b;Sullivan and Wilson 2003), noradrenergic modulation and the expression of noradrenergic Review receptors in the olfactory bulb of rodents changes dramatically after postnatal days 9 and 10 (P9 and P10) in rats. The role of noradrenergic modulation in odor learning, as well as the receptors involved in learning, change after the critical period; this behavioral observations has also been confirmed in brain slice recordings: there is a marked increase in the density of ␤-receptor binding in the rat olfactory bulb from P12 to P30 (Woo and Leon 1995).…”

Section: Noradrenergic Modulation Of Bulbar Processing: Electrophysiomentioning

confidence: 99%