Molecular biology of amitraz resistance in cattle ticks of the genus  i Rhipicephalus  i

Jonsson, N.N.

doi:10.2741/4617

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…For example, amitraz is a formamidine acaricide insecticide used to control ticks, mites, and fleas. It binds to and activates adrenergic neural receptors in animals and inhibits the action of monoamine oxidases (Jonsson et al., ). Recent studies have found that oral amitraz exposure (20, 50, and 80 mg/kg, 5 days) can increase serotonin (5‐HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) concentrations and decrease metabolites formation and thus turnover rates in the brains of male rats (Del Pino et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological characterization of a β‐adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor in Plutella xylostella

Huang

Deng

et al. 2018

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor (OA2B2) belongs to the class of G-protein coupled receptors. It regulates important physiological functions in insects, thus is potentially a good target for insecticides. In this study, the putative open reading frame sequence of the Pxoa2b2 gene in Plutella xylostella was cloned. Orthologous sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree analysis, and protein sequence analysis all showed that the cloned receptor belongs to the OA2B2 protein family. PxOA2B2 was transiently expressed in HEK-293 cells. It was found that PxOA2B2 could be activated by both octopamine and tyramine, resulting in increased intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, whereas dopamine and serotonin were not effective in eliciting cAMP production. Further studies with series of PxOA2B2 agonists and antagonists showed that all four tested agonists (e.g., naphazoline, clonidine, 2-phenylethylamine, and amitraz) could activate the PxOA2B2 receptor, and two of tested antagonists (e.g., phentolamine and mianserin) had significant antagonistic effects. However, antagonist of yohimbine had no effects. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that Pxoa2b2 gene was expressed in all developmental stages of P. xylostella and that the highest expression occurred in male adults. Further analysis with fourth-instar P. xylostella larvae showed that the Pxoa2b2 gene was mainly expressed in Malpighian tubule, epidermal, and head tissues. This study provides both a pharmacological characterization and the gene expression patterns of the OA2B2 in P. xylostella, facilitating further research for insecticides using PxOA2B2 as a target.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological characterization of a β‐adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor in Plutella xylostella

Huang

Deng

et al. 2018

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…Approximately half of the ticks sampled proved to be genotypically resistant to amitraz on the basis of the presence of the SNPs described by Chen et al ( 2007 ). Jonsson et al ( 2018 ) describe a group of mutations in the BAOR in the same region as the first detected mutation, all associated with elevated resistance to amitraz. At present, polymorphisms in octopamine-tyramine receptor and BAOR have some potential for molecular diagnosis of amitraz resistance; however, the diversity of mutations suggests that no single polymorphism can be relied on.…”

Section: Acaricide Resistance In Rhipicephalus Microplusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are four potential mechanisms of resistance to amitraz: (1) octopamine/tyramine receptor insensitivity, (2) beta-adrenergic octopamine receptor ( BAOR ) insensitivity, (3) elevated monoamine oxidase expression and (4) increased activity of ATP-binding cassette transporters (Jonsson et al 2018 ). Baxter and Barker ( 1999 ) sequenced a putative octopamine receptor from amitraz resistant and susceptible R .…”

Section: Acaricide Resistance In Rhipicephalus Microplusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in a world of conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance

2017

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Infestations with the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, constitute the most important ectoparasite problem for cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, resulting in major economic losses. The control of R. microplus is mostly based on the use of conventional acaricides and macrocyclic lactones. However, the intensive use of such compounds has resulted in tick populations that exhibit resistance to all major acaricide chemical classes. Consequently, there is a need for the development of alternative approaches, possibly including the use of animal husbandry practices, synergized pesticides, rotation of acaricides, pesticide mixture formulations, manual removal of ticks, selection for host resistance, nutritional management, release of sterile male hybrids, environmental management, plant species that are unfavourable to ticks, pasture management, plant extracts, essential oils and vaccination. Integrated tick management consists of the systematic combination of at least two control technologies aiming to reduce selection pressure in favour of acaricide-resistant individuals, while maintaining adequate levels of animal production. The purpose of this paper is to present a current review on conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance for better understanding and control of resistant ticks with particular emphasis on R. microplus on cattle.

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“…Through eukaryotic protein expression and metabolism, Kita et al found that DPMF, the metabolite of amitraz, was more likely to activate αand β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptors (Kita et al, 2017). Multiple mechanisms might be involved in amitraz resistance, including base mutations in the β-adrenergic octopamine and the octopamine/tyramine receptors and altered activities of monoamine oxidases and ABC transporters (Jonsson et al, 2018). The results of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and modeled KEGG pathway in amitraz-treated Rhipicephalus decoloratus laid the basis for further investigation on resistance mechanisms (Baron et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis and screening of detoxification-related genes in an amitraz-resistant strain of Panonychus citri

Cong

Liu

et al. 2020

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Panonychus citri (McGregor) is the most common pest in citrus-producing regions. Special low-toxicity acaricides, such as spirocyclic tetronic acids and mite growth inhibitors, have been used for a long time in China. However, pesticide resistance in mites is a growing problem due to the lack of new acaricide development. Wide-spectrum insecticides, such as amitraz have gained acceptance among fruit growers. An amitraz-resistant strain of P. citri was obtained by indoor screening to examine field resistance monitoring of mites to acaricides and to explore the resistant mechanism of mites against amitraz. The amitraz-resistant strain of P. citri had an LC50 value of 2361.45 mg l−1. The resistance ratio was 81.35 times higher in the resistant strain of P. citri compared with the sensitive strain. Crossing experiments between the sensitive and resistant strains of P. citri were conducted, resulting in a D value of 0.11 for F1 SS♀×RS♂ and 0.06 for F1 RS♀×SS♂. Reciprocal cross experiments showed that the dose–mortality curves for the F1 generations coincided, indicating that the resistance trait was not affected by cytoplasmic inheritance. The dose–expected response relationship was evaluated in the backcross generation and a significant difference was observed compared with the actual value. The above results indicate that the inheritance of resistance trait was incompletely dominant, governed by polygenes on the chromosome. Synergism studies demonstrated that cytochrome P450s and esterase may play important roles in the detoxification of amitraz. Based on differential gene analysis, 23 metabolism-related genes of P. citri were identified, consistent with the results of synergism studies. Real-time PCR verification implied that P450s, ABC transporters, and acetylcholinesterase might influence the detoxification of amitraz by P. citri. These results provide the genetic and molecular foundation for the management of pest mite resistance.

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Molecular biology of amitraz resistance in cattle ticks of the genus i Rhipicephalus i

Cited by 44 publications

References 46 publications

Pharmacological characterization of a β‐adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor in Plutella xylostella

Pharmacological characterization of a β‐adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor in Plutella xylostella

Strategies for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in a world of conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance

Genetic analysis and screening of detoxification-related genes in an amitraz-resistant strain of Panonychus citri

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