Molecular biology of aflatoxin biosynthesis

Trail, Frances; Mahanti, N.; Linz, John E.

doi:10.1099/13500872-141-4-755

Cited by 173 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Hence, an action level of 20 ppb for total AFs in foods for human consumption has been imposed by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States and by regulatory agencies in many other countries. The biosynthetic pathway of AF is one of the best known pathways of secondary metabolism in microorganisms (Trail et al, 1995). Our current understanding about chemistry and molecular biology of AF biosynthesis is a direct consequence of bioconversion experiments using several blocked mutants as well as successful cloning and characterization of the majority of the AF biosynthetic pathway genes (Georgianna and Payne, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Inhibition by Antagonistic Plants and Microorganisms

Razzaghi‐Abyaneh¹,

Shams-Ghahfarokhi²,

Chang³

2011

Aflatoxins - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Inhibition by Antagonistic Plants and Microorganisms

Razzaghi‐Abyaneh¹,

Shams-Ghahfarokhi²,

Chang³

2011

Aflatoxins - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…All the tested concentrations inhibited aflatoxin production, and these concentrations were not cytotoxic. These results suggest that AE may be acting in the fungal secondary metabolism, through the inactivation of some enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway (1,15) or acting on the genic expression (11). Therefore, Polymnia sonchifolia could be a promising plant control production of aflatoxin B1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by certain strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus (2,15). Ingestion of food highly contaminated with aflatoxins may originate acute toxicity including hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, immunotoxicity and even death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity of the aqueous extract from Polymnia sonchifolia leaves on growth and production of aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus flavus

Pinto¹,

Gonçalez²,

Rossi³

et al. 2001

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The aqueous extract from Polymnia sonchifolia leaves (AE) was tested for inhibitory activity on aflatoxin B1(AFB1) production and growth of Aspergillus flavus. The cytotoxicity of AE on Vero cells was also performed. Suspensions of A. flavus spores were inoculated into 50 mL of YES medium together with different concentrations of the AE. The aflatoxin B1 was extracted, analyzed by thin layer chromatography and quantified by photodensitometry. All the concentrations of AE induced inhibition of AFB1 production. The aqueous extract showed in vitro cytotoxicity to Vero cells only at concentrations above 500 µg/mL. Key words: aflatoxin B1, Aspergillus flavus, Polymnia sonchifolia, cytotoxicityThis work reports the inhibitory activity of aqueous leaf extract from P. sonchifolia against Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 production, and citotoxicity to Vero cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of plant extractLeaves of P. sonchifolia were collected in Capão Bonito city, São Paulo state, Brazil and dried at 40ºC. Dried leaves were pulverized in mill (Condux) to obtain a fine powder. The powdered leaves (100 g) were extracted with water at room temperature for 5 hours. After filtration and removal of water, the extract was lyophylized (Flaxidry mp). This aqueous extract (AE) was stored at 4ºC until use. Culture conditionsAspergillus flavus IMI 190 (Internatinal Mycology InstituteLondon) was grown on potato dextrose agar (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich) plates for 10 days at 25ºC. The spore suspension used as inoculum was prepared washing the culture with sterile 0.01% solution of Tween 80 (Merck, Germany). The number of spores in suspension was determined through counting in a Neubauer Chamber.

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“…Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus have the ability to colonize oil seed crops of agricultural importance, such as corn, cotton, peanuts, sorghum and tree nuts. Ingestion of aflatoxin contaminated food can cause hepatocellular carcinoma, immunotoxicity, and teratogenic effects (Dvorackova and Kusak, 1990;Trail et al, 1995;Wogan et al, 1992). Various developed countries have strict regulation on the amount of AF allowed in food commodities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%