Molecular Biology in Glioblastoma Multiforme Treatment

Abbruzzese, Claudia; Persico, Michele; Matteoni, Silvia; Paggi, Marco G.

doi:10.3390/cells11111850

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Consequently, the role of CXCL5 in GBM remains only partially understood, and the associated target molecules await further elucidation. Additionally, given the complexity of tumor mechanisms, our choice of models and initial exploration of mechanisms may not have fully addressed the multifaceted nature of GBM [ 25 – 27 ]. Therefore, future research endeavors should prioritize mechanistic experiments to unveil the intricacies of immune infiltration patterns and elucidate CXCL5's role in drug development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic marker CXCL5 in glioblastoma polyformis and its mechanism of immune invasion

Yu,

Zhou,

Niu

et al. 2024

BMC Cancer

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer with a poor prognosis. Therefore, the correlative molecular markers and molecular mechanisms should be explored to assess the occurrence and treatment of glioma.WB and qPCR assays were used to detect the expression of CXCL5 in human GBM tissues. The relationship between CXCL5 expression and clinicopathological features was evaluated using logistic regression analysis, Wilcoxon symbolic rank test, and Kruskal–Wallis test. Univariate, multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier methods were used to assess CXCL5 and other prognostic factors of GBM. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify pathways associated with CXCL5. The correlation between CXCL5 and tumor immunoinfiltration was investigated using single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) of TCGA data. Cell experiments and mouse subcutaneous transplanted tumor models were used to evaluate the role of CXCL5 in GBM. WB, qPCR, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical assays showed that CXCL5 expression was increased in human GBM tissues. Furthermore, high CXCL5 expression was closely related to poor disease-specific survival and overall survival of GBM patients. The ssGSEA suggested that CXCL5 is closely related to the cell cycle and immune response through PPAR signaling pathway. GSEA also showed that CXCL5 expression was positively correlated with macrophage cell infiltration level and negatively correlated with cytotoxic cell infiltration level. CXCL5 may be associated with the prognosis and immunoinfiltration of GBM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic marker CXCL5 in glioblastoma polyformis and its mechanism of immune invasion

Yu,

Zhou,

Niu

et al. 2024

BMC Cancer

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“…[ 1 ] High proliferation and invasion activity as well as the heterogeneous appearance of the tumor are responsible for its malignancy. [ 2 ] The interaction with its tumor microenvironment (TME) is of particular importance for tumor proliferation, e.g., it was shown that tumor cells take advantage of the interactions with other cell types in the brain. [ 3,4 ] GBM´s TME is composed of microglia, neurons, astrocytes, and vascular cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Glial Cell and Glioblastoma Morphology in Cocultures Depends on Scaffold Design and Hydrogel Composition

et al. 2023

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Abstract3D cell cultures better replicate the in vivo environment compared to 2D models. Glioblastoma multiforme, a malignant brain tumor, highly profits from its cellular environment. Here, the U87 glioblastoma cell line in the presence/absence of primary astrocytes is studied. Thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA‐SH) hydrogel reinforced with microfiber scaffolds is compared to Matrigel. Hyaluronic acid is a major extracellular matrix (ECM) component in the brain. Poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds are written by meltelectrowriting in a box and triangular shaped design with pore sizes of 200 µm. Scaffolds are composed of 10‐layers of PCL microfibers. It is found that scaffold design has an impact on cellular morphology in the absence of hydrogel. Moreover, the used hydrogels have profound influences on cellular morphology resulting in spheroid formation in HA‐SH for both the tumor‐derived cell line and astrocytes, while cell viability is high. Although cocultures of U87 and astrocytes exhibit cell–cell interactions, polynucleated spheroid formation is still present for U87 cells in HA‐SH. Locally restricted ECM production or inability to secrete ECM proteins may underlie the observed cell morphologies. Thus, the 3D reinforced PCL‐HA‐SH composite with glioma‐like cells and astrocytes constitutes a reproducible system to further investigate the impact of hydrogel modifications on cellular behavior and development.

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“…The most incident and aggressive glioma is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which can be distinguished from other gliomas since GBM tumours express necrosis and/or microvascular proliferation coupled with rapid, infiltrating growth. GBM forms highly heterogeneous tumours, with complex molecular biology [2][3][4][5]. Despite decades of research and current optimal treatment, patients' prognosis is still abysmal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glioblastoma Multiforme: Molecular Biology and Updated Systematic Review on Natural Extract and Phytochemical Efficacy In-vitro

Cuschieri

Baron

2023

JOCAMR

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent primary malignant central nervous system tumours (CNST). Current treatment consists of surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, the gold-standard agent being Temozolomide (TMZ). Despite optimal treatment, GBM has an abysmal associated prognosis of approximately 15 months. The disproportionately high morbidity and mortality necessitate studies which strive to increase knowledge on putative therapeutic agents to confirm or deny their possible use against GBM Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a deep understanding of GBM molecular biology upon which more effective therapeutic strategies may be developed. Natural extracts and phytochemicals have shown promise as potential therapeutic agents against GBM. In this review, the molecular biology of GBM and molecular factors which contribute to therapeutic resistance are discussed in depth. The mechanisms by which phytochemicals and natural extracts exhibit can inhibit GBM growth and proliferation are discussed. Moreover, statistical analysis demonstrated that natural extracts and phytochemicals may be superior to TMZ in-vitro. This review demonstrates that phytochemicals have great potential as novel therapeutic agents against GBM. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to determine the optimal doses, routes of administration, and potential toxicities of these agents, but their unique molecular targets and low toxicity profiles make them attractive candidates for further investigation.

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Molecular Biology in Glioblastoma Multiforme Treatment

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Prognostic marker CXCL5 in glioblastoma polyformis and its mechanism of immune invasion

Prognostic marker CXCL5 in glioblastoma polyformis and its mechanism of immune invasion

Primary Glial Cell and Glioblastoma Morphology in Cocultures Depends on Scaffold Design and Hydrogel Composition

Glioblastoma Multiforme: Molecular Biology and Updated Systematic Review on Natural Extract and Phytochemical Efficacy In-vitro

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