Molecular basis and functional development of enzymes related to amino acid metabolism

Abstract

Enzymology, the study of enzyme structures and reaction mechanisms can be considered a classical discipline. However, enzymes cannot be freely designed to catalyze desired reactions yet, and enzymology is by no means a complete science. I have long studied the reaction mechanisms of enzymes related to amino acid metabolism, such as aminotransferases and racemases, which depend on pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, a coenzyme form of vitamin B6. During these studies, I have often been reminded that enzymatic reactions are extremely sophisticated processes based on chemical principles and enzyme structures, and have often been amazed at the evolutionary mechanisms that bestowed them with such structures. In this review, I described the reaction mechanism of various pyridoxal enzymes especially related to D-amino acids metabolism, whose roles in mammals have recently attracted attention. I hope to convey some of the significance and interest in enzymology through this review.

Demonstration of safety characteristics and effects on gut microbiota of Lactobacillus gasseri HMV18

“…Tyramine, histamine, cadaverine, putrescine, and spermine are common biogenic amines tested for safety and toxicity evaluation [34,35]. Furthermore, pyridoxal 5-phosphate was a coenzyme of aminotransferase and decarboxylase in amino acid metabolism [36], which activates decarboxylase.…”