Molecular Aspects of Membrane Fusion

Lucy, J. A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8274-4_2

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 73 publications

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“…The other is the F protein, which effects thsion (F) of the viral envelope with the cell plasma membrane [and at high concentration of virus and cells causes celt-cell fusion (13,19,44)], and so allows entry of the nucleocapsid directly into the cell cytoplasm. Leakage appears to result from the fusion of an inherently damaged viral envelope into the plasma membrane (73), although it has been suggested that an initial leakage of ions such as Ca 2+ into cells is the trigger that actually causes fusion (31,32). Leakage appears to result from the fusion of an inherently damaged viral envelope into the plasma membrane (73), although it has been suggested that an initial leakage of ions such as Ca 2+ into cells is the trigger that actually causes fusion (31,32).…”

Section: ~ Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses as toxins

1987

Archives of Virology

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Section: ~ Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses as toxins

1987

Archives of Virology

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Fixation, processing, and immunochemical reagent effects on preservation of T-lymphocyte surface membrane antigens in paraffin-embedded tissue.

Pollard¹,

Lunny²,

Holgate³

et al. 1987

J Histochem Cytochem.

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Fixatives, fixation additives, paraffin processing reagents, and immunochemical reagents were investigated for effects on preservation of T-lymphocyte surface membrane antigens CD3, CD4, and CD8 in human tonsil. Individual reagent effects were assessed in frozen sections by use of monoclonal antibodies and this information was used to optimize T-cell immunostaining in paraffin sections. Harmful factors were fixation delay, fixation at acid pH, fixation and processing at temperatures above 4 degrees C, hot paraffin wax, proteolytic enzymes, methanolic hydrogen peroxide, Triton X-100, and prolonged iodine treatment. Optimal T-cell demonstration in paraffin sections followed tissue fixation in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde dichromate at 4 degrees C, pH 7.5; processing through isopropanol, then xylene or chloroform, at 4 degrees C; and embedding in low melting point wax at 45-50 degrees C. Graded antigen stability occurred: CD3 most stable, CD8 least, and CD4 intermediate. CD4 and CD8 antigen preservation in paraffin sections required critical optimal tissue handling. CD3 was more stable and was also demonstrated in tissue fixed in commercial formalin, glutaraldehyde, and Bouin's fluid when fixation and processing conditions were optimized for pH and temperature. Of the fixation additives studied, polyethylene glycol and several potassium and magnesium salts enhanced immunostaining, whereas calcium chloride and lidocaine were deleterious.

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Molecular Aspects of Membrane Fusion

Cited by 2 publications

References 73 publications

Viruses as toxins

Viruses as toxins

Fixation, processing, and immunochemical reagent effects on preservation of T-lymphocyte surface membrane antigens in paraffin-embedded tissue.

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