Molecular Approaches for Harvesting Natural Diversity for Crop Improvement

Saini, Pawan; Saini, Pooja; Kaur, Jashan Jot; Francies, Rose Mary; Gani, Mudasir; Rajendra, A.; Negi, Narender; Jagtap, A. B.; Kadam, Amar; Singh, Charan; Chauhan, Shailendra S.

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-0156-2_3

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 266 publications

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“…Development of a new variant in a highly self-pollinated crop species such as rice is assumed to be driven by multiple evolutionary forces (Van, 1960; Saini et al ., 2020). These forces are responsible for producing individuals with diverse phenotypes as compared to their baseline variety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of temperate basmati rice: a multi-year study on performance and adaptation under high altitude conditions of Northern Himalayas

et al. 2019

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In the present study, an effective secondary selection of transgressive variants from a homozygous population of Pusa Sugandh 3 (PS3) has led to the development of basmati variant SKUA 494. SKUA 494 exhibited a grain yield (7.9 t/ha) with superiority of 21.5% over its progenitor (6.5 t/ha). Besides, the genotype revealed an earliness of about 13 and 15 days for flowering and maturity, respectively. Hulling, milling and head rice recovery traits of SKUA 494 were comparatively better over the controls PS3 and Pusa Basmati 1509. No significant differences in the cooking quality were observed in SKUA 494 over its parental line. Quality traits of SKUA 494 revealed an intermediate score for alkali spreading value, besides similar values for gel consistency and amylose content in comparison to PS3. On the basis of stability variables, stability index and overall mean for most of the traits, SKUA 494 depicted stable performance across the locations and over the years. Molecular analysis based on simple sequence repeat markers revealed polymorphism at locus flanking the quantitative trait loci for days to heading (Hd6) between SKUA 494 and its parent (PS3). Based on overall superiority in the performance and adaptability of SKUA 494, the variety has been recommended to farmers for general cultivation under temperate ecology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of temperate basmati rice: a multi-year study on performance and adaptation under high altitude conditions of Northern Himalayas

et al. 2019

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“…In an attempt to overcome these issues, recombinant DNA cassettes were successfully transferred into plant cells using A. tumefaciens in the early 1980s (e.g., Hernalsteens et al, 1980;Hooykaas-Van Slogteren et al, 1984). This paved the way for new breeding platforms that allowed for the introduction of a specific desirable gene(s) that may not be available within breeding populations, without the co-transfer of the undesirable alleles that typically occurs during traditional breeding (reviewed by Saini et al, 2020). By far the most common form of this technology involves the transfer of a genetic cassette (including a promoter, coding sequence and transcriptional terminator) from an unrelated organism(s) in a process termed transgenesis, and this has formed the basis of what we now consider "GM" crops.…”

Section: Targeted Genetic Manipulation Via the Insertion Of Exogementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to this time, plant genomes, like those of all other living organisms, had been evolving through the occurrence of spontaneous genetic alterations for better survivability. Those genetic changes that conferred traits that enhanced the plant's ability to survive and adapt were maintained by the species, while those that did not either accumulated through genetic drift or were eliminated through natural selection (reviewed by Saini et al, 2020). During the conversion from a nomadic lifestyle to one that was more sedentary, humans harnessed this natural evolution of plant species, and altered its course by selecting, and then propagating, plants with traits that facilitated agriculture, such as a reduction in the dispersal of seeds and fruits, alterations in plant phenology and morphology, and palatability (e.g., Meyer and Purugganan, 2013;Berger et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation and Unintended Risk in the Context of Old and New Breeding Techniques

Singer

Laurie

Bilichak

et al. 2021

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

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For thousands of years, humans have been improving crops to better suit their needs. These enhancements are driven by changes in the genetic makeup of the plant. While this was initially unintentional, there has been a steady push to increase the pace and precision of crop breeding, something that has occurred alongside a growing understanding of genetics and an escalating capacity to thoroughly assess genomes at the molecular level. With the advent and rapid uptake of molecular breeding techniques, such as transgenics and genome editing over the past few decades, there has been much trepidation regarding the possibility of off-target effects derived from unanticipated mutations at loci other than those intended for alteration, and the unintended risks that this might confer. These concerns persist regardless of the fact that a growing number of studies indicate that the occurrence of off-target mutations derived from newer biotechnological breeding techniques are negligible compared to what is observed with many conventional breeding approaches, and even spontaneously from one generation to the next. Given the impending food security crisis that we are facing in the short-term, there is a critical need to implement a wide range of breeding tools as a means of meeting growing demand, withstanding climate change-related pressures, increasing nutrition, and providing environmental benefits. While food safety is clearly of the utmost importance, now is certainly not the time to prevent the use of particular breeding technologies based on unfounded doubts. Therefore, in this review, we attempt to shed light on these apprehensions by putting purported "risks" into the context of plant breeding as a whole by comparing frequencies of spontaneous mutations with those (both anticipated and unanticipated) that occur through various conventional and biotechnological breeding approaches, including transgenics and genome editing. We then consider how these changes may, or may not, translate into unanticipated risk, and discuss the current global regulatory asynchrony surrounding genome edited crops.

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“…This is achieved most effectively through pre-breeding, i.e. the generation of intermediate materials by crossing nonadapted germplasm that possess novel traits with standard breeding lines [5,100]. A detailed step-by-step overview of pre-breeding procedures is provided in an e-learning course [101], developed under the auspices of the Global Partnership Initiative on Plant Breeding Capacity Building (GIPB).…”

Section: Genetic Improvement As Means To Sustainable Use Of On-farm Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Farm Crop Diversity for Advancing Food Security and Nutrition

Furman¹,

Noorani²,

Chikelu³

2021

Landraces - Traditional Variety and Natural Breed

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In 2019, nearly 690 million people were hungry, indicating that the achievement of Zero Hunger by 2030 is not on-track. The enhanced conservation and use of crop diversity, which demonstrably improves farm productivity and hence food security and nutrition, could be one of the solutions to this problem. The broadening of the inter- and intra-specific diversity of crops contributes to dietary diversification and nutrition and improves the resilience of production systems to shocks, especially the biotic and abiotic stresses attributed to climate change. Examples of successful interventions that resulted in enhanced on-farm crop diversity are provided. Relevant tools and guidelines to strengthen national capacities for the enhanced on-farm management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture are also highlighted. Guidance, based primarily on the Second Global Plan of Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, is presented to enable the conservation of farmers’ varieties/landraces, their genetic improvement and seed delivery systems; promote their cultivation, consumption and marketing; develop and implement policies; foster partnerships and strengthen requisite institutional and human capacities. Finally, the case is made for research and development, including using modern techniques, to achieve these aims.

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Molecular Approaches for Harvesting Natural Diversity for Crop Improvement

Cited by 15 publications

References 266 publications

Development of temperate basmati rice: a multi-year study on performance and adaptation under high altitude conditions of Northern Himalayas

Development of temperate basmati rice: a multi-year study on performance and adaptation under high altitude conditions of Northern Himalayas

Genetic Variation and Unintended Risk in the Context of Old and New Breeding Techniques

On-Farm Crop Diversity for Advancing Food Security and Nutrition

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