Molecular approach to understanding residuum conversion

Sanford, Emerson C.

doi:10.1021/ie00025a015

Cited by 36 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As the temperature increases, radical species may be stabilized to form new lighter compounds, such as hydrocarbons with lower molecular weights, CO and CO 2 , among others (Savage et al 1985;Ali and Saleem 1991;Hosseinpour et al 2014). However, the recombination of free radial species leads to addition reactions that result in changes to the chemical structures of the n-C 7 asphaltenes and, therefore, result in heavier and more refractory compounds than the initial n-C 7 asphaltenes (Alshareef et al 2011;Habib et al 2013;Sanford 1994). …”

Section: Presence and Absence Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and mechanisms of the catalytic thermal cracking of asphaltenes adsorbed on supported nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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The production of heavy and extra-heavy oil is challenging because of the rheological properties that crude oil presents due to its high asphaltene content. The upgrading and recovery processes of these unconventional oils are typically water and energy intensive, which makes such processes costly and environmentally unfriendly. Nanoparticle catalysts could be used to enhance the upgrading and recovery of heavy oil under both in situ and ex situ conditions. In this study, the effect of the Ni-Pd nanocatalysts supported on fumed silica nanoparticles on post-adsorption catalytic thermal cracking of n-C 7 asphaltenes was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with FTIR. The performance of catalytic thermal cracking of n-C 7 asphaltenes in the presence of NiO and PdO supported on fumed silica nanoparticles was better than on the fumed silica support alone. For a fixed amount of adsorbed n-C 7 asphaltenes (0.2 mg/m 2 ), bimetallic nanoparticles showed better catalytic behavior than monometallic nanoparticles, confirming their synergistic effects. The corrected OzawaFlynn-Wall equation (OFW) was used to estimate the effective activation energies of the catalytic process. The mechanism function, kinetic parameters, and transition state thermodynamic functions for the thermal cracking process of n-C 7 asphaltenes in the presence and absence of nanoparticles are investigated.

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Section: Presence and Absence Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and mechanisms of the catalytic thermal cracking of asphaltenes adsorbed on supported nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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“…The solid powder hydrocracking catalysts lose their activity and selectivity more quickly during operation when heavy oil feeds are used, undergoing different and severe types of deactivation such as coking and metal deposition [7,8]. The mechanisms for hydrocracking reactions have been discussed in detail elsewhere [9][10][11]. Hydrogenation/dehydrogenation and hydrocracking are known to be the main reactions; the former takes place on the metal sites of the NiMo or CoMo catalysts that are dispersed inside pore structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroporous NiMo/alumina catalyst for the hydrocracking of vacuum residue

Kim

Nguyen‐Huy

Shin

2014

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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We prepared a macro-mesoporous NiMo/alumina catalyst by the introduction of macroporosity to an alumina support, and tested its catalytic performance in the hydrocracking of vacuum residue for the first time. In this reaction, the use of the macro-mesoporous NiMo/alumina catalyst clearly led to a more desirable product distribution-a higher liquid yield and lower gas yield-than a mesoporous NiMo/alumina catalyst. This indicates that the macro-mesoporous catalyst structure facilitated hydrogenation relative to the mesoporous catalyst; for the latter, hydrocracking was relatively dominant. N 2 adsorption/desorption experiments confirmed that NiMo impregnation reduced the pore size and volume, as well as the surface area, implying that the NiMo phases were located inside the mesopores and macropores. Macroporosity in the alumina support played an important role in improving the accessibility of vacuum residue to the NiMo active sites located inside pores, which are responsible for hydrogenation. By promoting hydrogenation, the macro-mesoporous NiMo/alumina catalyst increased the liquid yield of the hydrocracking of vacuum residue.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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“…In particular, oilsand bitumen possesses similar properties to petroleum oil and as such, is a good replacement candidate for petroleum as a worldwide source of transport fuels and chemical feedstocks. [1][2][3] Furthermore, the amount of heavy oil that can be commercially refined using current technologies is three times the estimated amount of worldwide oil deposits. Therefore, utilization of unconventional oil is anticipated to increase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Since hydrocracking is performed under such severe reaction conditions, intensive energy and capital is required. 3 In this respect, it is much desired to develop an atmospheric catalytic process in which oilsand bitumen is cracked into smaller, more valuable products without hydrogen. Also, there is a great demand for catalysts capable of cracking bitumen under atmospheric conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%