Molecular approach to the chemical characterization of fish-exuded kairomone: a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study

Abstract

Diel vertical migration (DVM) bioassay-guided Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can be a prominent non-destructive and innovative approach for ecological studies. During the characterization of the nature of the fish-exuded kairomone, the peak area results from the spectroscopic analysis of the control, fish-conditioned (F) and temperature incubated fish-conditioned (IF) treatments of the DVM bioassays demonstrated that there was a strong correlation between the alterations of the amine N-H, amide II, amide IV and CH 3 asymmetric vibrations, suggesting that both N-H and CH 3 molecules may be main components of the fish-exuded kairomone cocktail. The IF treatment, which showed similar results with the control treatment, supported that the kairomone is inactivated by bacterial biodegradation. The seasonal variations in the peak areas of the N-H and CH 3 bands suggested that DVM response varied seasonally, where migration response developed quickly in warmer seasons. The peak area of the amine N-H band of the F and IF treatments relative to control conditions can be used as an ideal indicator of the absence or presence and the promptness of migration, at all seasons.

Impacts of salinity and fish-exuded kairomone on the survival and macromolecular profile of Daphnia pulex

“…This is the common experimental approach for ensuring the chemical presence of fish in the test media (Loose et al1993;Beklioglu et al 2006), because the precise nature of the fish-exuded kairomone is not fully characterized, even though several researchers have contributed to this field (von Elert and Stibor 2006;Akkas et al 2010).…”

“…The area under the absorption bands gives information about the relative concentration of the respective functional groups with direct proportionality. Thus, peak area measurements is a well established strategy in the infrared spectroscopic analysis of biomolecules (Kaćurakova and Wilson 2001;Garip et al 2009;Akkas et al 2010). For the determination of the band area values, the spectra belonging to each individual were considered.…”

“…Such studies complementing organismal level observations with investigations of the effects of stressors at the molecular level are severely limited (Grzesiuk and Mikulski 2006). Hence, the scarcity of such information directed us to use attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, which is becoming a popular tool for monitoring the macromolecular pool of ecological samples (Cakmak et al 2006;Palaniappan et al 2008;Akkas et al 2010). We hypothesized that;…”

Effects of 4-nonylphenol, fish predation and food availability on survival and life history traits of Daphnia magna straus

“…The fish were pre-fed with adult daphnids from the same clone and were transferred into 10 l of control water for 24 h prior to testing, after which the water was filtered again through 0.45 lm filters and this water was called the fish-conditioned treatment. This is an established protocol determined from the literature (Loose et al 1993;Beklioglu et al 2006a;Akkas et al 2010), despite the fact that the precise nature of fish-exuded kairomone still has not been fully characterized. Hence, an analytical method to measure both the presence and quantity of the kairomone is yet to be defined (von Elert and Stibor 2006;Beklioglu et al 2006b;Akkas et al 2010).…”

Integrating Phenotypic Plasticity Within an Ecological Genomics Framework: Recent Insights from the Genomics, Evolution, Ecology, and Fitness of Plasticity

“…For example, predator-secreted cues (kairomones) are known to induce morphological defenses in Daphnia species (Fig. 5.2), but little is known about the structure of the receptors associated with these chemical compounds (Peñalva-Arana et al 2009;Akkas et al 2010;Miyakawa et al 2010). Activated kairomone receptors stimulate neural pathways to release hormones into the hemolymph (Barry 2002;Weiss et al 2012).…”