Molecular and therapeutic effect of CRISPR in treating cancer

Abstract

Cancer has become one of the common causes of mortality around the globe due to mutations in the genome which allows rapid growth of cells uncontrollably without repairing DNA errors. Cancers could arise due alterations in DNA repair mechanisms (errors in mismatch repair genes), activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Each cancer type is different and each individual has a unique genetic change which leads them to cancer. Studying genetic and epigenetic alterations in the genome leads to understanding the underlying features. CAR T therapy over other immunotherapies such as monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies has been widely used to treat cancer in recent days and gene editing has now become one of the promising treatments for many genetic diseases. This tool allows scientists to change the genome by adding, removing or altering genetic material of an organism. Due to advance in genetics and novel molecular techniques such as CRISPR, TALEN these genes can be edited in such a way that their original function could be replaced which in turn improved the treatment possibilities and can be used against malignancies and even cure cancer in future along with CAR T cell therapy due to the specific recognition and attacking of tumor.

Craspase: A novel CRISPR/Cas dual gene editor

“…Due to its versatile functions, CRISPR/Cas has been reengineered into different genome editing tools (Li et al 2023 ). These engineered CRISPR/Cas tools have been widely used to monitor and edit DNA/RNA sequencing for both basic biological and applied biomedical research, including drug screening, disease diagnostics and treatments (Rodrigo et al 2023 ). To expand its usage, scientists have been continuously exploring new CRISPR/Cas systems while also modifying current CRISPR/Cas systems (Makarova et al 2020 ).…”