Molecular and cellular stratagem of brain metastases associated with melanoma (Review)

Abstract

Tumors of the central nervous system are the most prevalent complications of melanoma, especially in the late stage of disease. Melanoma, lung and breast cancer are the leading cause of secondary tumors in the brain, the majority of them having a poor outcome. Brain dissemination is developed in half of stage IV melanomas and these cases can increase up to 75%, having a major impact on the quality of life. This review will focus on recent findings that provide new ways to potentially prevent brain metastases in malignant melanoma. The key of these findings is based on the heterogeneity of the melanoma and of the brain metastases at genetic levels. This new era of technologies provides new tools in understanding the dissemination mechanisms of malignant cells. The cellular and molecular changes, the immune status of the patient and the blood-brain barrier permeability are key regulators of cancer cell dissemination. Understanding these mechanisms can render new hope in preventing brain metastases by focusing on melanoma and new pharmacologic approaches. Contents

Pharmacological Activities of Psoralidin: A Comprehensive Review of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action

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Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases

“…High ATP demand, in combination with dysfunctional mitochondria, make these neuron groups more sensitive to degeneration (Wang and Michaelis, 2010). Correctly, dopaminergic neurons are exposed to additional oxidative stress produced by the dopamine metabolism, generating H 2 O 2 and dopamine autoxidation, which generates superoxide (Delcambre et al, 2016;Buga et al, 2019).…”

Curcumin’s Nanomedicine Formulations for Therapeutic Application in Neurological Diseases

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