Molecular and Cellular Modelling of Salivary Gland Tumors Open New Landscapes in Diagnosis and Treatment

Porcheri, Cristina; Meisel, Christian; Mitsiadis, Thimios A.

doi:10.3390/cancers12113107

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 178 publications

(197 reference statements)

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“…Recent progress has been made with novel diagnostic tools to identify the genetic changes that occur in SGN. This has led to a more accurate diagnosis, resulting in more effective treatments and, therefore, better prognosis [9,46]. All SGN have certain genetic alterations that can be categorized, as in Table 4, according to their role in diagnosis, prediction, and prognosis.…”

Section: Oncogenes As a Novel Diagnostic Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differentiation into various histopathological subtypes with overlapping features both within tumors and in different regions of the same tumor, results in significant diagnostic challenge [1,2,8]. Advances in molecular pathology have uncovered genetic patterns and biomarkers that may potentially contribute to innovating diagnostic approaches in identifying various salivary gland pathologies [9]. In this paper, we delve into the molecular pathways of salivary gland tumorigenesis, highlighting recent diagnostic protocols that may facilitate the identification and management of SGN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview on the Histogenesis and Morphogenesis of Salivary Gland Neoplasms and Evolving Diagnostic Approaches

Iyer

Hariharan

Cao

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Salivary gland neoplasms (SGN) remain a diagnostic dilemma due to their heterogenic complex behavior. Their diverse histomorphological appearance is attributed to the underlying cellular mechanisms and differentiation into various histopathological subtypes with overlapping features. Diagnostic tools such as fine needle aspiration biopsy, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography help evaluate the structure and assess the staging of SGN. Advances in molecular pathology have uncovered genetic patterns and oncogenes by immunohistochemistry, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and next–generation sequencing, that may potentially contribute to innovating diagnostic approaches in identifying various SGN. Surgical resection is the principal treatment for most SGN. Other modalities such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy (agents like tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and proteasome inhibitors), and potential hormone therapy may be applied, depending on the clinical behaviors, histopathologic grading, tumor stage and location, and the extent of tissue invasion. This review delves into the molecular pathways of salivary gland tumorigenesis, highlighting recent diagnostic protocols that may facilitate the identification and management of SGN.

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Section: Oncogenes As a Novel Diagnostic Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on the Histogenesis and Morphogenesis of Salivary Gland Neoplasms and Evolving Diagnostic Approaches

Iyer

Hariharan

Cao

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…The lymphoid component of adenolymphoma derives from altered lymph nodes, or occurs secondarily due to a lesion in the epithelium, or a combination of both. Aside from B-and T-cells, the infiltrate also contains macrophages and mast cells, suggesting local presence of an antigen triggering immune cell recruitment [15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Salivary Glands: Morphological Characteristics of the Surgical Material

et al. 2021

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The aim is to give a morphological characteristic of tumors and tumor-like lesions of the salivary glands in the course of a comprehensive analysis of the surgical material. Materials and methods: The study used surgical material from 67 patients with various pathologies of the salivary glands. The patients were treated at Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 12 (Ukraine, Kiev) from 2014 to 2018. The resulting material was fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin (pH 7.4) for 24-48 hours, carried out according to the generally accepted technique and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections 2 μm thick were made from paraffin blocks and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microspecimens were studied, using Olympus BX-41 microscope (Japan). Results: A comprehensive morphological study of the surgical material of patients with salivary gland pathology undergoing treatment at Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 12 (Ukraine, Kiev) for the period from 2014 to 2018 revealed benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of these glands. Pleomorphic adenomas and adenolymphomas represented benign tumors of the salivary glands, while cysts represented tumor-like lesions. Different ratios of parenchymal and stromal components characterized pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands. On this basis, we identified three tumor variants (mesenchymal (15 cases, 50.0 %); mixed or classic (10 cases, 33.3 %); epithelial (5 cases, 16.7 %)). A characteristic microscopic feature of salivary gland adenolymphomas was a pronounced predominance of the parenchyma over the stroma. A well-defined wall, represented by connective tissue fibers and epithelial lining, characterized the cysts of the salivary glands. The connective tissue capsule separating the tumor tissue from the intact tissue of the salivary gland was clearly pronounced in adenolymphomas, and in pleomorphic adenomas it could be clearly expressed, intact, with tumor invasion or absent. In mesenchymal and mixed variants of pleomorphic adenomas, in comparison with the epithelial variant, there was a frequent tumor invasion of the capsule, thinning of the capsule or its absence. Conclusions: Morphological examination of the surgical material allows us to diagnose tumors (pleomorphic adenomas and adenolymphomas) and non-tumor lesions (cysts) of the salivary glands. This, of course, is of great therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic value. Among the identified pathology of the salivary glands, pleomorphic adenomas cause certain difficulties in morphological diagnosis due to their structural diversity and heterogeneity, sometimes requiring morphometric, immunohistochemical or genetic research.

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“…The search for an effective treatment for SDC has been hampered by the limited availability of mouse models mimicking the human disease [ 20 ]. Interestingly, overexpression of the activated Her-2/neu oncogene in mice results in the spontaneous development of mammary duct carcinomas in females [ 21 ] and of SDC in males [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Effects of Sublingual Type I IFN in Combination with Chemotherapy in Implantable and Spontaneous Tumor Models

Ciccolella

Andreone

Mancini

et al. 2021

Cells

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Salivary gland tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms representing less than 10% of all head and neck tumors. Among salivary gland tumors, salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare, but highly aggressive malignant tumor resembling ductal breast carcinoma. Sublingual treatments are promising for SDC due to the induction of both local and systemic biological effects and to reduced systemic toxicity compared to other administration routes. In the present study, we first established that the sublingual administration of type I IFN (IFN-I) is safe and feasible, and exerts antitumor effects both as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy in transplantable tumor models, i.e., B16-OVA melanoma and EG.7-OVA lymphoma. Subsequently, we proved that sublingual IFN-I in combination with cyclophosphamide (CTX) induces a long-lasting reduction of tumor mass in NeuT transgenic mice that spontaneously develop SDC. Most importantly, tumor shrinkage in NeuT transgenic micewas accompanied by the emergence of tumor-specific cellular immune responses both in the blood and in the tumor tissue. Altogether, these results provide evidence that sublingual IFN holds promise in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer.

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Molecular and Cellular Modelling of Salivary Gland Tumors Open New Landscapes in Diagnosis and Treatment

Cited by 29 publications

References 178 publications

An Overview on the Histogenesis and Morphogenesis of Salivary Gland Neoplasms and Evolving Diagnostic Approaches

An Overview on the Histogenesis and Morphogenesis of Salivary Gland Neoplasms and Evolving Diagnostic Approaches

Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Salivary Glands: Morphological Characteristics of the Surgical Material

Anticancer Effects of Sublingual Type I IFN in Combination with Chemotherapy in Implantable and Spontaneous Tumor Models

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