Molecular and biological characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from wildlife in France

Toxoplasmosis in Animals in the Czech Republic - The Last 10 Years

“…In fallow deer, we found 17% prevalence that is comparable with 24% prevalence found in Spain by MAT (Gauss et al 2006). In the Czech Republic, we found 9% prevalence in mouflon that is lower compared to 23% prevalence found in France (Aubert et al 2010). …”

Natural Toxoplasma Gondii Infections in European Brown Hares and Mountain Hares in Finland: Proportional Mortality Rate, Antibody Prevalence, and Genetic Characterization

“…The modified and direct agglutination tests have been used for hares and widely for several other animal species and require no species-specific reagents (Gustafsson and Uggla, 1994;EFSA, 2007;Aubert et al, 2010). Because the positive predictive value of this test is moderate, positive results should be interpreted with caution (Sukthana et al, 2001).…”

“…In the Czech Republic, the parasite was isolated from 4% of brown hares captured or hunted in the 1980s, and earlier reports indicated that up to 31% of brown hares were antibody-positive (Hejlicek et al, 1997). More recently, 46% of brown hares shot in Germany were antibody-positive by the Sabin-Feldman test, whereas 57% were immunohistochemically positive for T. gondii antigen (Frö lich et al, 2003), and two (9%) of 23 brown hares hunted in France were antibody-positive by modified agglutination test, but isolation attempts were unsuccessful (Aubert et al, 2010). In addition to these findings from wild hares, an outbreak of acute toxoplasmosis with high mortality was described on a mountain hare ranch in Japan (Shimizu, 1958).…”

The Life Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii in the Natural Environment

“…From 26 T. gondii positive extracts from red fox Vulpes vulpes from Belgium submitted to a genotyping analysis with 15 microsatellite markers [136], 25 were type II and only one type III [137]. Similarly, using six loci microsatellite analysis, only type II strains were observed in 46 French isolates including 21 from wild boar [138], 12 from roe deer, 9 from foxes, one from mouflon Ovis aries, red deer and mallard Anas platyrhynchos [139] and one from tawny owl Strix aluco [140]. Using the same molecular technique, Jokelainen et al [141] also identified the clonal type II in 15 DNA extracts from hare (Lepus sp.)…”