Molecular and biochemical tricks of the research trade: -omics approaches in finfish aquaculture

Abstract

Profitability of fish farming can be undermined by a suite of biological constraints. Effects of these constraints on the biology of the animal, the functioning of a tissue, or the quality of the final filleted product can be detected with very sensitive hi-tech approaches, grouped by the term '-omics'. These -omics technologies further present powerful tools for the genetic selection of diverse traits and, as such, will contribute substantially to the future development of the aquaculture sector. Sustainability issues of importance to the industry, such as environmental impacts, use of therapeutants, fish health management and fishmeal replacement, can again be aided, at least in part, through the effective use of -omics technologies. It thus appears that -omics technologies may be a key tool for the responsible growth of intensive aquaculture in the 21st century. In this paper we review the current status of -omics technologies and the potential for application within the aquaculture industry.

Impact of high dietary plant protein with or without marine ingredients in gut mucosa proteome of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.)

“…Omics technologies have been used in aquaculture during the last decade [17], providing relevant physiological information [18,19], which can be missed by transcriptomics [20]. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has been the most used technique in quantitative proteomics studies in aquaculture up to today.…”

Transcriptomic Changes during Previtellogenic and Vitellogenic Stages of Ovarian Development in Wreckfish (Hāpuku), Polyprion oxygeneios (Perciformes)

“…During oogenesis, the application of transcriptomic tools allows researchers to examine the entire population of mRNA within developing oocytes, thus providing insight into the genes expressed at the time they were harvested to reflect a particular physiological state [8]. The relative abundance of each transcript can be quantified by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), permitting the researcher to explore whether particular genes or pathways of biological processes differ between two RNA populations originally harvested from different subject cells or tissues [9][10][11].…”

A review on cobia, Rachycentron canadum, aquaculture

“…We have recently conducted attempts to develop neomales as a starting point to produce an all-female population with promising results. This economically significant sexually dimorphic trait available for optimization through gender manipulation is a method utilized in commercial aquaculture (Lokman & Symonds, 2014). Both direct and indirect gender manipulation require an understanding on the labile period, effective ways to gender reverse, and identification of ways to isolate the genotypic gender to effectively produce monosex cohorts.…”