Molecular and biochemical identification of alien chromosome additions in shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) carrying extra chromosome(s) of bunching onion (A. fistulosum L.)

Abstract

To develop the bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.; genomes, FF) chromosomespecific genetic markers for identifying extra chromosomes, eight shallot (A. cepa L. Aggregatum group; genomes, AA) -A. fistulosum monosomic addition plants (AA+nF) and 62 shallot -A. fistulosum single-alien deletion plants (AAF-nF) were analyzed by 23 different chromosome-specific genetic markers of shallot. The eight monosomic addition plants consisted of one AA+2F, two AA+6F, and five AA+8F. Of the 62 single-alien deletion plants, 60 could be identified as six different single-alien deletion lines (AAF-1F, -3F, -4F, -6F, -7F, and -8F) out of the eight possible types. Several single-alien deletion lines were classified on the basis of leaf and bulb characteristics. AAF-8F had the largest number of expanded leaves of five deletion plants. AAF-7F grew most vigorously, as expressed by its long leaf blade and biggest bulb size. AAF-4F had very small bulbs. AAF-7F and AAF-8F had different bulbs from those of shallot as well as other types of single-alien deletion lines in skin and outer scale color. Regarding the sugar content of the bulb tissues, the single-alien deletion lines showed higher fructan content than shallot. Moreover, shallot could not produce fructan with degree of polymerization (DP) 12 or higher, although the single-alien deletion lines showed DP 20 or higher. The content of S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (ACSO) in the single-alien deletion lines was significantly lower than that in shallot. These results indicated that chromosomes from A. fistulosum might carry anonymous factors to increase the highly polymerized fructan production and inhibit the synthesis of ACSO in shallot bulbs. Accordingly, alien chromosomes from A. fistulosum in shallot would contribute to modify the quality of shallot bulbs.

Comparative Study on Phytochemical Variations in Japanese F₁ Varieties of Bulb Onions and South-East Asian Shallot Landraces

“…Based on Brewster (2008), the degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans in bulb onions and shallots is up to 20. However, Yaguchi et al (2009) reported that the DP of shallots was less than 12, as we observed in the lower part of sugar profiling using the TLC method. Further research will be needed to measure the effect of different climatic conditions on the production of fructans in shallots.…”

Interactions among genotype, environment and agronomic practices on production and quality of storage onion (Allium cepa L.) - A review

“…With this respect, chromosomes from Allium fistulosum may contribute to modify the quality of shallot bulbs, i.e. increasing the production of highly polymerized fructans and inhibiting the synthesis of ACSOs (Yaguchi et al 2009). …”

Production and characterization of alien chromosome addition lines in Allium fistulosum carrying extra chromosomes of Allium roylei using molecular and cytogenetic analyses

“…cepa and the A. cepa-A. fistulosum addition lines, respectively (Yaguchi et al , 2009). Further investigations into sugar content together with chromosomal locations and expression of the major enzyme genes related to sugar synthesis at different plant development stages are needed to clarify the effects of additional chromosomes from A. roylei on the production of sugars in A. fistulosum.…”

“…The PCR condition for SiR-1 was as follows: initial denaturation for 3 min at 94°C and 40 cycles of PCR amplification (1 min denaturation at 94°C, 1 min annealing at 70°C, and 1 min primer extension at 72°C). The PCR products were separated on 2 % agarose or 5 % polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis according to the method of Yaguchi et al (2009).…”