Molecular and biochemical basis for the loss of bioluminescence in the dinoflagellate<i>Noctiluca scintillans</i>along the west coast of the U.S.A.

Valiadi, Martha; Rond, Tristan de; Amorim, Ana; Gittins, John R.; Gubili, Chrysoula; Moore, Bradley S.; Iglesias‐Rodríguez, M. Débora; Latz, Michael I.

doi:10.1002/lno.11309

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(165 reference statements)

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“…In these organisms, bioluminescence is sensed by mechanical stimuli which account for the light rising from waves braking on shoreline or from wakes of ships, and have also inspired the development of biotechnological strategies, such as polymersomes nanoreactors activable by shear stress to control biocatalytic reactions [241,242]. On the other hand, Dinoflagellates are a preferred model to investigate the still greatly unrevealed biological meaning of bioluminescence of these microorganisms, for example with attention to elucidate both evolution and ecological effect of non-luminescent or toxic populations [243][244][245].…”

Section: Bioluminescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Light and Autofluorescence, Multitasking Features in Living Organisms

Croce

2021

Photochem

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Organisms belonging to all life kingdoms may have the natural capacity to fluoresce. Autofluorescence events depend on the presence of natural biomolecules, namely endogenous fluorophores, with suitable chemical properties in terms of conjugated double bonds, aromatic or more complex structures with oxidized and crosslinked bonds, ensuring an energy status able to permit electronic transitions matching with the energy of light in the UV-visible-near-IR spectral range. Emission of light from biological substrates has been reported since a long time, inspiring unceasing and countless studies. Early notes on autofluorescence of vegetables have been soon followed by attention to animals. Investigations on full living organisms from the wild environment have been driven prevalently by ecological and taxonomical purposes, while studies on cells, tissues and organs have been mainly promoted by diagnostic aims. Interest in autofluorescence is also growing as a sensing biomarker in food production and in more various industrial processes. The associated technological advances have supported investigations ranging from the pure photochemical characterization of specific endogenous fluorophores to their possible functional meanings and biological relevance, making fluorescence a valuable intrinsic biomarker for industrial and diagnostic applications, in a sort of real time, in situ biochemical analysis. This review aims to provide a wide-ranging report on the most investigated natural fluorescing biomolecules, from microorganisms to plants and animals of different taxonomic degrees, with their biological, environmental or biomedical issues relevant for the human health. Hence, some notes in the different sections dealing with different biological subject are also interlaced with human related issues. Light based events in biological subjects have inspired an almost countless literature, making it almost impossible to recall here all associated published works, forcing to apologize for the overlooked reports. This Review is thus proposed as an inspiring source for Readers, addressing them to additional literature for an expanded information on specific topics of more interest.

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Section: Bioluminescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Light and Autofluorescence, Multitasking Features in Living Organisms

Croce

2021

Photochem

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“…Thus, N. scintillans often causes a red ocean during the day and a glowing ocean at night. There have been many studies on the red tides and bioluminescence of N. scintillans (Sweeney 1971, Tett 1971, Uhlig and Sahling 1990, Buskey 1995, Valiadi and Iglesias-Rodriguez 2014, Valiadi et al 2019. Red-tide patches containing N. scintillans provide a large-scale bright bioluminescence field when bioluminescent cells in the patches are hit by waves, swimming fish and mammals, moving boats, ships, and submarines (Tarasov 1956, Bityukov 1971, Hastings 1975, Morin 1983, Williams and Kooyman 1985, Rhor et al 1998.…”

Section: Design Of An Automatic System Of Cultivating Noctiluca Scint...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an automatic system for cultivating the bioluminescent heterotrophic dinoflagellate <italic>Noctiluca scintillans</italic> on a 100-liter scale

You¹,

Jeong²,

Park³

et al. 2022

Algae

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Noctiluca scintillans is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate that causes red-colored oceans during the day (red tides) and glowing oceans at night (bioluminescence). This species feeds on diverse prey, including phytoplankton, heterotrophic protists, and eggs of metazoans. Thus, many scientists have conducted studies on the ecophysiology of this species. It is easy to cultivate N. scintillans at a scale of <1 L, but it is difficult to cultivate them at a scale of >100 L because N. scintillans cells usually stay near the surface, while prey cells stay below the surface in large water tanks. To obtain mass-cultured N. scintillans cells, we developed an automatic system for cultivating N. scintillans on a scale of 100 L. The system consisted of four tanks containing fresh nutrients, the chlorophyte Dunaliella salina as prey, N. scintillans for growth, and N. scintillans for storage, respectively. The light intensities supporting the high growth rates of D. salina and N. scintillans were 300 and 20 μmol photons m-2 s-1, respectively. Twenty liters of D. salina culture from the prey culture tank were transferred to the predator culture tank, and subsequently 20 L of nutrients from the nutrient tank were transferred to the prey culture tank every 2 d. When the volume of N. scintillans in the predator culture tank reached 90 L 6 d later, 70 L of the culture were transferred to the predator storage tank. To prevent N. scintillans cells from being separated from D. salina cells in the predator culture tank, the culture was mixed using an air pump, a sparger, and a stirrer. The highest abundance of N. scintillans in the predator culture tank was 45 cells mL-1, which was more than twice the highest abundance when this dinoflagellate was cultivated manually. This automatic system supplies 100 L of N. scintillans pure culture with a high density every 10 d for diverse experiments on N. scintillans.

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“…While several experimental studies support some of these hypotheses [ 75 , 333 , 336 ] some characteristics of dinoflagellate bioluminescence may suggest that it could also have other functions. For example, some strains of Noctiluca scintillans off the west coast of the USA have lost their bioluminescence but are still able to form dense populations despite the presence of predators, thus questioning the ecological role of bioluminescence in this species [ 337 ]. Moreover, some studies have reported that many species of dinoflagellates can spontaneously emit light flashes, without being mechanically stimulated [ 334 , 338 , 339 ].…”

Section: Hypothesis: Bioluminescence Signalling In the Unicellular Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioluminescence and Photoreception in Unicellular Organisms: Light-Signalling in a Bio-Communication Perspective

Timsit

Lescot

Valiadi

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

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Bioluminescence, the emission of light catalysed by luciferases, has evolved in many taxa from bacteria to vertebrates and is predominant in the marine environment. It is now well established that in animals possessing a nervous system capable of integrating light stimuli, bioluminescence triggers various behavioural responses and plays a role in intra- or interspecific visual communication. The function of light emission in unicellular organisms is less clear and it is currently thought that it has evolved in an ecological framework, to be perceived by visual animals. For example, while it is thought that bioluminescence allows bacteria to be ingested by zooplankton or fish, providing them with favourable conditions for growth and dispersal, the luminous flashes emitted by dinoflagellates may have evolved as an anti-predation system against copepods. In this short review, we re-examine this paradigm in light of recent findings in microorganism photoreception, signal integration and complex behaviours. Numerous studies show that on the one hand, bacteria and protists, whether autotrophs or heterotrophs, possess a variety of photoreceptors capable of perceiving and integrating light stimuli of different wavelengths. Single-cell light-perception produces responses ranging from phototaxis to more complex behaviours. On the other hand, there is growing evidence that unicellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes can perform complex tasks ranging from habituation and decision-making to associative learning, despite lacking a nervous system. Here, we focus our analysis on two taxa, bacteria and dinoflagellates, whose bioluminescence is well studied. We propose the hypothesis that similar to visual animals, the interplay between light-emission and reception could play multiple roles in intra- and interspecific communication and participate in complex behaviour in the unicellular world.

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Molecular and biochemical basis for the loss of bioluminescence in the dinoflagellateNoctiluca scintillansalong the west coast of the U.S.A.

Cited by 12 publications

References 112 publications

Light and Autofluorescence, Multitasking Features in Living Organisms

Light and Autofluorescence, Multitasking Features in Living Organisms

Development of an automatic system for cultivating the bioluminescent heterotrophic dinoflagellate <italic>Noctiluca scintillans</italic> on a 100-liter scale

Bioluminescence and Photoreception in Unicellular Organisms: Light-Signalling in a Bio-Communication Perspective

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