Molecular analysis of the capsid protein gene of a german isolate of barley mild mosaic virus

Schlichter, Ursula; Sohn, A.; Peerenboom, Ellen; Schell, Jeff; Steinbiβ, H. H.

doi:10.1007/bf00237062

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Total RNA was extracted using the TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK) following the manufacturer's instructions. Reverse transcription and PCR were performed using primers designed to regions of homology in RNA-1 of UK, German and Japanese isolates of BaMMV (Kashiwazaki et al, 1992;Foulds et al, 1993;Schlichter et al, 1993). Forward primer, M3 (5′-ACA GAG CAC GAG GAG GAA-3′) and reverse primer, M4 (5′-GCA TGA GAG ATC TAC CGG-3′) were used to amplify an 899 bp DNA fragment from the 3′ end of RNA-1, encompassing the coat protein.…”

Section: Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating resistance toBarley mild mosaic virus

McGrann

Adams

2004

Plant Pathology

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There are claims that at least 11 genes confer resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgaris) to one or more components of the soilborne barley mosaic virus complex but, apart from the immunity conferred by the widely used gene rym4, little is known about their mode of action. This study used mechanical (sap) and plasmodiophorid vector‐inoculation techniques combined with ELISA, RT‐PCR, symptom development and virus transmission to investigate the response of different genotypes to Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV). Barley genotypes were grown at 20 and 12°C to test for temperature sensitivity. Plants with the genes rym3 or rym6 were fully susceptible to the virus, whereas those with genes rym1, Rym2, rym5 or rym11 appeared to be immune, as BaMMV was never detected in any tissue type nor was the virus transmitted from them to susceptible genotypes. The remaining genotypes could all be infected to some extent by BaMMV using one or both inoculation methods, and virus could be transmitted from their roots by the plasmodiophorid vector Polymyxa graminis. Plants with the rym7 gene had delayed symptoms compared to susceptible controls at 12°C. Plants with the rym8 gene could be infected by both inoculation methods, but there was no virus in the leaves at 12°C. Plants with the rym9 gene could be infected only by vector inoculation, and virus remained localized in the roots. Plants with the rym10 gene appeared susceptible by mechanical inoculation at both temperatures, but after vector inoculation virus moved to leaves only at 20°C. This suggests the operation of translocation resistance in plants with the rym8, rym9 or rym10 genes, which is temperature‐sensitive in rym8 and rym10 and perhaps tissue‐specific in rym9. No resistance to P. graminis was observed in any of the genotypes.

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Section: Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating resistance toBarley mild mosaic virus

McGrann

Adams

2004

Plant Pathology

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“…Transmission studies, with bymoviruses (BaMMV and BaYMV) and P. graminis, indicated that an isolate of BaMMV from Streatly, Bedfordshire, UK, had lost the ability to be transmitted by P. graminis after repeated mechanical inoculation (Adams et al, 1988b). The complete genome of field isolates of BaYMV (Kashiwazaki et al, 1990;1991;Davidson et al, 1991;Peerenboom et al, 1992) and BaMMV (Kashiwazaki et al, 1992;Foulds et al, 1993;Schlichter et al, 1993;Timpe and Kuhne, 1994) have been sequenced. Jacobi et al (1995) reported the sequence of a BaMMV isolate which was not transmitted by P. graminis.…”

Section: Role Of Read-through Protein Gene In Transmission Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungally-transmitted Rod-shaped Plant Viruses: Biology, Transmission and Molecular Pathology

Arif¹

2000

Pakistan J. of Biological Sciences

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Furoviruses possess divided positive-stranded RNA genome, separately encapsidated in rigid rod-shaped particles and transmitted by plasmodiophorid 'fungi' in soil. They have a wide host range and world wide distribution. Among ten furoviruses, SBWMV, OGSV, RSNV, SgCSV infect cereals, BNYVV, BSBV, PMTV infect root or tuber crops and BBNV, PCV and IPCV infect leguminous crops. This paper reviews the information on general characteristics, vector transmission and molecular pathology of furoviruses. However, transmission properties of other plant viruses with fungal vectors have also been summarized. The molecular based mechanism of virus transmission by fungal vector, for some better characterized furoviruses and role of readthrough protein and other genes in virus transmission process, have also been briefly discussed. The analysis of nucleotide sequences of SBWMV, BNYVV, PMTV, PCV and BSBV indicated heterogeneity among furoviruses and have at least three kinds of genome organization. However, read-through proteins (RT) are a common feature in furoviruses and are found in BNYVV, SBWMV, PMTV and BSBV. The BNYVV RT protein is involved in particle assembly and transmission of the virus by P. betae. Repeated manual transmission of BNYVV, SBWMV, PMTV results in spontaneous deletions of RT domain and lose the ability of transmission through vector. PMTV-S, a field isolate, was efficiently acquired and transmitted by a monofungal culture of S. subterranea whereas PMTV-T which has 543 nt deletion in the 3' half of the RT, could not be acquired and transmitted by the same fungus. The association of lack of transmissibility of PMTV-T within apparent deletion of sequence in RT, relative to RT of transmissible isolate PMTV-S suggests that the RT domain, encoded by PMTV-S RNA 3 contains determinants that play an important role in the acquisition and transmission of PMTV by S. subterranea. The mechanism by which virus particles move into or out of protoplasm of zoospore, needs further investigation. However, the process by which aviruliferous zoospores acquire virus particles in vivo, has been proposed. Recent progress in molecular pathological strategies, to protect crop plants against furoviruses, has also been briefly discussed.

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“…Oligonucleotide primers for reverse transcription (RT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of BaMMV RNAl were designed to regions of homology in the known sequences of RNAl of the UK, German and Japanese isolates of BaMMV (Foulds et al, 1993;Schlichter et al, 1993;Kashiwazaki ef al., 1992). The forward PCR primer (M3) had a sequence 5' ACA G A G CAC GAG GAG GAA 3' and the reverse PCR primer and reverse transcription primer (M4) had a sequence of 5' GCA TGA GAG ATC TAC CGG 3'.…”

Section: R T-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of barley mild mosaic and barley yellow mosaic viruses in leaves and roots of barley

Schenk¹,

Antoniw

Batista

et al. 1995

Annals of Applied Biology

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Leaves of barley plants were mechanically inoculated with barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) and roots were inoculated using viruliferous zoospores of the fungus vector Polymyxa graminis. At intervals after inoculation, leaves and roots were tested by different methods to detect virus coat protein (ELISA or Western blot) or nucleic acid (slot-blot or reverse transcriptase-PCR) . Following inoculation with zoospores, virus could be detected in roots after 1 wk (Western blot or PCR) but not until 3-4 wk by ELISA. Virus moved to leaves in 5-6 wk but, except at temperatures of about 20°C, plants had to be cut back close to soil level to stimulate virus movement. Following mechanical inoculation, virus could be detected in leaves of a susceptible cultivar within 5 days by ELISA and 3 days by the other methods. Western blots and PCR showed that virus was present in the roots by 5 days. BaMMV was not detected by any method in leaves or roots of a resistant cultivar, indicating that the virus did not multiply in it. When leaves were mechanically inoculated on a small area only, BaMMV capsid protein was detected below the inoculated site at 4 days and in young growing leaves and roots at 13 days after inoculation but never above the inoculation site or in older leaves. After stem extension began, new leaves of infected plants were free of symptoms. The results are compared to observations of plants infected with barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV). It is proposed that movement of BaMMV and BaYMV is strongly related to the phloem transport and to the source-sink pattern of winter barley plants.

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Molecular analysis of the capsid protein gene of a german isolate of barley mild mosaic virus

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Investigating resistance toBarley mild mosaic virus

Investigating resistance toBarley mild mosaic virus

Fungally-transmitted Rod-shaped Plant Viruses: Biology, Transmission and Molecular Pathology

Movement of barley mild mosaic and barley yellow mosaic viruses in leaves and roots of barley

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