Molecular Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Trinidad and Tobago

Akpaka, Patrick Eberechi; Roberts, Rashida; Monecke, Stefan

doi:10.9734/bmrj/2015/21376

Cited by 2 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the present study, most of the S. aureus infections occurred in patients with wound infections, mainly post-surgical in nature. Similar findings have been reported previously by several authors from Trinidad and Tobago [ 42 , 43 , 46 , 47 , 53 , 54 ] and Jamaica [ 45 ]. The exact reason for this occurrence is unknown; some authors have outlined possible explanations in reports from Trinidad and Tobago.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The exact reason for this occurrence is unknown; some authors have outlined possible explanations in reports from Trinidad and Tobago. Akpaka et al [ 47 ] attributed the high levels of infection to excessive wound swabbing following medical procedures, and, in another report, noted that some surgical procedures can result in nosocomial infections with S. aureus as the main aetiological agent [ 54 ]. According to Orrett [ 43 ], the hands of health care providers may contribute to infection during dressing exercises, whereas Swanston [ 46 ] attributed the high usage of antibiotics to the increase in MRSA isolates from the surgical wards at the Port of Spain General Hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the studies emanating from Trinidad and Tobago, Akpaka et al [ 54 ] discovered a high prevalence of S. aureus infections in children aged 0 to 9. This high infection rate was attributed to an underdeveloped immune system and its inability to recognize staphylococcal components during infection at that age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clonal Complexes Distribution of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Samples from the Caribbean Islands

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to comprehensively characterise S. aureus from the Caribbean Islands of Trinidad and Tobago, and Jamaica. A total of 101 S. aureus/argenteus isolates were collected in 2020, mainly from patients with skin and soft tissue infections. They were characterised by DNA microarray allowing the detection of ca. 170 target genes and assignment to clonal complexes (CC)s and strains. In addition, the in vitro production of Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) was examined by an experimental lateral flow assay. Two isolates were identified as S. argenteus, CC2596. The remaining S. aureus isolates were assigned to 21 CCs. The PVL rate among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates was high (38/101), and 37 of the 38 genotypically positive isolates also yielded positive lateral flow results. The isolate that did not produce PVL was genome-sequenced, and it was shown to have a frameshift mutation in agrC. The high rate of PVL genes can be attributed to the presence of a known local CC8–MSSA clone in Trinidad and Tobago (n = 12) and to CC152–MSSA (n = 15). In contrast to earlier surveys, the USA300 clone was not found, although one MSSA isolate carried the ACME element, probably being a mecA-deficient derivative of this strain. Ten isolates, all from Trinidad and Tobago, were identified as MRSA. The pandemic ST239–MRSA–III strain was still common (n = 7), but five isolates showed a composite SCCmec element not observed elsewhere. Three isolates were sequenced. That showed a group of genes (among others, speG, crzC, and ccrA/B-4) to be linked to its SCC element, as previously found in some CC5– and CC8–MRSA, as well as in S. epidermidis. The other three MRSA belonged to CC22, CC72, and CC88, indicating epidemiological connections to Africa and the Middle East.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clonal Complexes Distribution of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Samples from the Caribbean Islands

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The S. aureus isolates (n = 309) included in this analysis were from a previously reported study [12]. The antimicrobial patterns were analyzed and the genes were detected by DNA hybridization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staphylococcus aureus isolates used for the analysis were previously reported [10][11][12]. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using conventional, automated (Microscan Walkaway, Siemens USA) and molecular methods (DNA Microarray assay and Multi Locus Sequence Type -MLST).…”

Section: Bacterial Isolates and Susceptibility Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Trinidad and Tobago

Akpaka

Roberts

Monecke³

2017

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Staphylococcus aureus continues to pose major public health challenges in many areas because of antibiotic resistance problems. In the Caribbean, especially Trinidad and Tobago, the challenge is not different. This study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance gene prevalence among S. aureus isolates in Trinidad and Tobago. Standard and molecular microbiological methods, including the Microscan automated system, DNA microarray and multi locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, were performed on 309 clinical S. aureus isolates recovered from patients who were treated at three of the country's main health institutions. S. aureus exhibited susceptibilities ≥80% to eleven of the 19 antimicrobials tested against it, and these belong to the most commonly used and available antibiotics in the country. While the antibiotic to which it was most susceptible of the commonly used antibiotics was trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, the antibiotics to which it was least susceptible or most resistant to were ampicillin and penicillin. S. aureus isolates from the pediatric ward produced the greatest rate of susceptibility among the isolates recovered from patients admitted into hospitals, while isolates from Accident and Emergency rooms displayed the greatest susceptibilities among patients from the community. S. aureus isolates from the country did not harbor acquired resistant genes targeting clindamycin/macrolides (ermB), linezolid (cfr) or vancomycin (vanA). The blaZ gene, which is the most common beta lactam (Penicillinase) resistance mechanism for S. aureus, was observed in 88.7% of the methicillin susceptible S. aureus, while methicillin resistance mediated by the mec gene was present in 13.6%. Most of the resistance markers found in MRSA isolates were significantly associated with the ST239-MRSA-III strain in this study, and all isolates that belonged to the USA300 strain, which additionally encoded both the PVL gene and ACME cluster, belonged to CC8. Several resistant genes, such as vanA, cfr and ermB, mediating resistance in S. aureus, are currently non-existent in Trinidad and Tobago. However, the majority of SCCmec genes were observed, suggesting that there is ongoing nosocomial transmission with minimal community transmission. This calls for stringent antibiotic stewardship and policies in the country.

show abstract

Molecular Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Trinidad and Tobago

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Clonal Complexes Distribution of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Samples from the Caribbean Islands

Clonal Complexes Distribution of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Samples from the Caribbean Islands

Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Trinidad and Tobago

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About