Molecular analysis of protein domain function encoded by the myb‐homologous maize genes C1, Zm 1 and Zm 38

Franken, Philipp; Schrell, Susanne; Petérson, Peter A.; Saedler, Heinz; Wienand, Udo

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1994.6010021.x

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…An analogy for this may be the IN1 protein, which has sequence similarity to MYC class transcription activators and down-regulates many of the structural genes of the anthocyanin pathway (28). Additionally, the MYB class gene zm38 has been shown to inhibit transcription activation of the a1 promoter by C1͞R1 in transient expression assays (29). We are designing and conducting gene expression studies to attempt to distinguish among these possible models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative trait loci and metabolic pathways

McMullen

Byrne

Snook

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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The interpretation of quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies is limited by the lack of information on metabolic pathways leading to most economic traits. Inferences about the roles of the underlying genes with a pathway or the nature of their interaction with other loci are generally not possible. An exception is resistance to the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in maize (Zea mays L.) because of maysin, a C-glycosyl f lavone synthesized in silks via a branch of the well characterized f lavonoid pathway. Our results using f lavone synthesis as a model QTL system indicate: (i) the importance of regulatory loci as QTLs, (ii) the importance of interconnecting biochemical pathways on product levels, (iii) evidence for ''channeling'' of intermediates, allowing independent synthesis of related compounds, (iv) the utility of QTL analysis in clarifying the role of specific genes in a biochemical pathway, and (v) identification of a previously unknown locus on chromosome 9S affecting f lavone level. A greater understanding of the genetic basis of maysin synthesis and associated corn earworm resistance should lead to improved breeding strategies. More broadly, the insights gained in relating a defined genetic and biochemical pathway affecting a quantitative trait should enhance interpretation of the biological basis of variation for other quantitative traits.The past decade has seen an explosion of information on the structure, organization, and functions of the maize (Zea mays L.) genome, including the development of high density molecular marker maps. One application of new mapping technologies has been the genetic dissection of quantitative traits with much greater precision than was previously possible (1, 2). Still, the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detected are generally rather poorly defined regions, and the size of a QTL's phenotypic effect is sometimes confounded with its location relative to the nearest marker or to a nearby QTL. For most traits, genetic and biochemical information on metabolic pathways is extremely limited, and, therefore, it is difficult to interpret QTL results in terms of regulatory and structural genes, duplicate function loci, feedback inhibition, branched pathways, or other phenomena affecting trait expression. Our goal in this research project is to analyze the genetic control of a quantitative trait of economic importance [antibiosis to the corn earworm (CEW)] and to interpret the results in terms of the well characterized flavonoid pathway.The CEW Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) is a major insect pest of maize and other crops (cotton, soybeans, peanuts) in the United States and elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere (3, 4). Corn earworm eggs are laid on the silks, and the larvae access the ear by feeding through the silk channel. Host-plant resistance to CEW by antibiosis is caused by the presence of the C-glycosyl flavones maysin, apimaysin, and methoxymaysin and related compounds (Fig.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative trait loci and metabolic pathways

McMullen

Byrne

Snook

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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“…Maize c1 is part of a gene family which includes pl (purple) , p (pericarp) (Grotewold et al, 1991), zm1 (Zea mays1) (Franken et al, 1994), and zm38 (Zea mays38) (Franken et al, 1994), all of which are involved in regulation of branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway. demonstrated that pl has a duplicate function to c1 but differs in its tissue specificity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have only been partially characterized to date but they also appear to be involved in regulation of the anthocyanin pathway (Franken et al 1994). In vitro, Zm38 can act as a repressor that inhibits production of anthocyanin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative genomics of chalcone synthase and Myb genes in the grass family.

Oberholzer¹,

Durbin²,

Clegg³

2000

Genes Genet. Syst.

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Most plant genes occur as members of multigene families where new copies arise through duplication. Duplicate genes that do not confer an adaptive advantage to the plant are expected to rapidly erode into pseudogenes owing to the accumulation of transpositions, insertion/deletion mutations and nucleotide changes. Nonfunctional copies will drift to fixation within a few million years and ultimately erode beyond recognition. Duplicate genes that are retained over longer periods of evolutionary time must be positively selected based on some adaptive advantage conferred on the plant species. We explore the dynamics of the recruitment of new duplicate genes for chalcone synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of flavonoid biosynthesis, and for the myb family of transcriptional activators. Our analyses show that new chs genes are recruited into the genome of grasses at a rate of one new copy every 15 to 25 million years. In contrast, the myb gene family is much older and many duplicate copies appear to predate the separation of the angiosperm lineage from other seed plants. The general pattern suggests a rapid adaptive proliferation of new chs genes but a more ancient elaboration of regulatory gene functions. Our analyses also reveal accelerated rates of protein evolution following gene duplication and evidence is presented for interlocus exchange among duplicate gene loci.

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“…When a transcription factor has already been numbered, every possible effort should be made to consider that number as part of the new name, e.g. maize Zm38 (Franken et al, 1994) should become ZmMYB38. Since it is realized that many transcription factors are known by their genetic names, this nomenclature will permit the use of various different synonyms.…”

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confidence: 99%