Molecular Analysis of Plant Migration and Refugia in the Arctic

Abbott, Richard J.; Smith, Lisa C.; Milne, Richard I.; Crawford, R. M. M.; Wolff, Kirsten; Balfour, Jean

doi:10.1126/science.289.5483.1343

Cited by 372 publications

(394 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is plausible that the western foreland of the Verkhoyansk Mountains, the area where the Dyanushka Peat and Lake Billyakh are located, with its numerous lake and river valleys provided enough moisture and warm microhabitats to buffer larch trees against climatic extremes. The presence of larch populations during the late glacial and YD likely explains the quick reforestation of eastern Siberia by the early Holocene, and supports the molecularbased hypothesis suggesting the existence of high-latitude plant refugia during past glaciations (Abbott et al, 2000).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

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2009

PAGES news

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ne w s The historical records contained in lake sediments provide insights into the effects and mechanisms of past climatic and environmental change. This issue of PAGES news highlights methodological advances in the field of paleolimnology, including proxy reconstructions, DNA analysis and chronology, among others (Photo credits on back cover). PAGES news • Vol 17 • No 3 • October 2009Announcements Inside PAGES Eulogy: John "Jack" Eddy Raymond S. BRadley Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, USA; rbradley@geo.umass.edu Sadly, one of the guiding lights and strongest supporters of PAGES passed away on 10 June 2009. John A. Eddy, known to all his friends as Jack, played a key role in promoting the concept of interdisciplinary research and the important perspective that studies of past climate changes could bring to Earth System science.As Director of the Office of Interdisciplinary Earth Studies within the Univer- YSM & OSM epilogPAGES 1st Young Scientists Meeting and 3rd Open Science Meeting were held in July in Corvallis, Oregon, USA (see p. 131-134 this issue). There was a great deal of interaction and networking, and we would like to thank everyone who participated. We received very positive feedback for both meetings and a lot of very useful input on PAGES science activities and future plans. An online poster exhibition has been set up for both meetings and videos of the entire OSM program can be viewed online (http://www.pages-osm.org/osm/ videos.html). The videos are available to order gratis in DVD form from PAGES online Product Database (http://www.pagesigbp.org/products/). The inaugural meeting of the PAGES Last 2 Millennia Theme, including representatives from each of the current Working Groups-Africa, Antarctic, Arctic, Australasia, Asia Europe, North and South America-was also held in Corvallis (see p. 130 this issue).PAGES will hold its next YSM and OSM in 2013. The location is still to be determined. Details will be posted online (http://www.pages-osm.org/) as they become available. PAGES Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) and Executive Committee (EXCOM) met in Troutdale, Oregon after the OSM. Discussion items included general business, budgets for the next financial year and the upcoming grant for funding of the PAGES project for 2010-2013, which is due to the Swiss and US National Science Foundations at this end of this year. Minutes from the meetings will soon be available online (http://www.pages-igbp.org/people/ sscmembers/meetingminutes.html). SSC members also elected new SSC members for 2010. The new members will be announced in the next issue. In addition, the SSC and EXCOM evaluated proposals for new PAGES Working Groups and applications for workshop funding (see below). SSC and EXCOM meetings New Working GroupsThe SSC and EXCOM approved two new proposals for PAGES Working Groups, one on Varves (under Cross-Cutting Theme 1: Chronology) and another on the Marine Nitrogen Cycle (under the "Paleoperspectives on Ocean Biogeochemistry" Theme of PAGES Focus 3: Global Earth-Sy...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

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2009

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“…The effect of the Pleistocene glaciations on the genetic structure of circumpolar plants has been investigated for several species, for example, Cassiope tetragona, Vaccinium uliginosum, Saxifraga oppositifolia and Rubus chamaemorus (Abbott et al, 2000;Abbott and Comes, 2004;Alsos et al, 2005;Eidesen et al, 2007a, b;Ehrich et al, 2008). Considerable geographic structuring of the genetic diversity has been identified in all of them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structuring in three closely related circumpolar plant species: AFLP versus microsatellite markers and high-arctic versus arctic–alpine distributions

2008

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Genetic structuring in response to the glacial cycles has been investigated for many plant species, but exclusively high-arctic ones have not been studied. Such extremely coldadapted species have probably experienced range reductions under the present climate. Here we compare three predominantly selfing species of Draba with different distributions and hardiness (D. subcapitata, high-arctic; D. nivalis, arctic to arctic-alpine; D. fladnizensis, arcticalpine) for genetic structuring on the basis of two different types of molecular markers (10 microsatellite loci and 160 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs)). The degree of genetic structuring within these species is of particular interest because it has been shown that they contain many cryptic biological species. The high-arctic D. subcapitata had less phylogeographic structure, less diversity and fewer private alleles than the other two species, suggesting that long-distance dispersal may occur more frequently in the high arctic, that hardy plants may have higher probability for establishment after dispersal under high-arctic conditions and that high-arctic species may have experienced a bottleneck during the present interglacial. In contrast, D. fladnizensis and D. nivalis showed distinct phylogeographic structure and more diversity, suggesting separate long-term refugia in Eurasia and North America/Beringia. The AFLP markers revealed more phylogeographic structuring than the microsatellites, possibly because of the higher number of loci surveyed and/or because structure at very large geographic scales is blurred by high mutation rate leading to homoplasy at microsatellite loci. The number of genetic groups detected was in any case insignificant compared with the numerous cryptic biological species known within these species, supporting rapid development of sterility barriers.

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“…Many temperate species existed only in refugia at times of glacial maxima, and recolonized or expanded into newly available habitats during interglacial periods [2,3]. Quaternary evolutionary histories of European and North American biota *These authors contributed equally to this work †Corresponding authors (email: zhangyp@mail.kiz.ac.cn; mahmuthalic@xju.edu.cn) have been well documented [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In contrast, studies on the Asian biota have been rather limited.…”

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Genetic consequences of postglacial colonization by the endemic Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis) of the arid Tarim Basin

Shan

Liu

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Orogenesis of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which occurred in a stepwise manner, contributed to the extreme aridity of the Tarim Basin, resulting in vulnerable and unstable ecosystems. Quaternary climatic oscillations may have affected the ecosystems and, consequently, the distributions and genetic structuring of the Tarim Basin's biota. We used nucleotide sequence data from 2 mitochondrial (mt) DNA genes (Cyt b and the D-loop) to test hypotheses associated with the matrilineal and demographical histories of the Tarim Basin's endemic Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis). Range-wide sampling involving 20 populations and 224 individuals detected 126 haplotypes that clustered into 5 major lineages in both the phylogenetic tree and median-joining network. Populations from the northern and eastern Tarim Basin shared a similar history, as did those from the western and southern regions. Demographical analysis and genetic diversity estimations suggested that the western and southern regions might have served as glacial refugia for the Yarkand hare during Quaternary climatic oscillations. The distribution of the Yarkand hare, especially in the northern and eastern parts, probably represented 3 postglacial colonization events, dated to 0.21, 0.090 and 0.054 MYA, which corresponded to known interglacial periods. Given the relatively complete geographic isolation between the eastern and southern populations, the Yarkand hare likely dispersed during postglacial periods from the southwest to the north, and then onward to the east. The absence of water likely forced the species into refugia, and this differed from other Pleistocene biogeographical drivers. The demographical and historical patterns have important implications for conservation. Chinese Sci Bull, 2011, 56: 1370−1382, doi: 10.1007 Pleistocene climatic changes imposed significant range shifts on many Palearctic biota, and contributed to their demographic history and genetic diversity [1]. Many temperate species existed only in refugia at times of glacial maxima, and recolonized or expanded into newly available habitats during interglacial periods [2,3]. Quaternary evolutionary histories of European and North American biota *These authors contributed equally to this work †Corresponding authors

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Molecular Analysis of Plant Migration and Refugia in the Arctic

Cited by 372 publications

References 16 publications

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Genetic structuring in three closely related circumpolar plant species: AFLP versus microsatellite markers and high-arctic versus arctic–alpine distributions

Genetic consequences of postglacial colonization by the endemic Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis) of the arid Tarim Basin

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