Molecular Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships among Myrmecophytic Macaranga Species (Euphorbiaceae)

Blattner, Frank R.; Weising, Kurt; Bänfer, Gudrun; Maschwitz, U.; Fiala, Brigitte

doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.0941

Cited by 137 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…The bulk of myrmecophytic species occurs in two clades: the Pachystemon group (21 species) and the Pruinosae group (five species). Although closely related, these two clades represent separate origins of myrmecophytism (Blattner et al 2001;) based on two observations: (1) intervening taxa are nonmyrmecophytic (S. Davies, unpubl. data); and (2) traits related to ant association have different origins in each clade: in Pachystemon, food-bodies harvested by the ants are presented mostly on enclosed abaxial stipule surfaces, and hollow stem domatia are formed through natural pith degeneration; in Pruinosae, food-bodies are presented on exposed adaxial stipule surfaces, and stem domatia must be hollowed out by the ants through pith removal (see fig.…”

Section: Natural History Of the Macaranga-decacrema Mutualismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Codiversification in an Ant-Plant Mutualism: Stem Texture and the Evolution of Host Use in Crematogaster (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) Inhabitants of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae)

Quek

Davies

Itino

et al. 2004

Evol

131

126

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Abstract.•We investigate the evolution of host association in a cryptic complex of mutualistic Crematogaster (Decacrema) ants that inhabits and defends Macaranga trees in Southeast Asia. Previous phylogenetic studies based on limited samplings of Decacrema present conflicting reconstructions of the evolutionary history of the association, inferring both cospeciation and the predominance of host shifts. We use cytochrome oxidase I (COI) to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships in a comprehensive sampling of the Decacrema inhabitants oí Macaranga. Using a published Macaranga phylogeny, we test whether the ants and plants have cospeciated. The COI phylogeny reveals 10 wellsupported lineages and an absence of cospeciation. Host shifts, however, have been constrained by stem traits that are themselves correlated with Macaranga phylogeny. Earlier lineages of Decacrema exclusively inhabit waxy stems, a basal state in the Pachystemon clade within Macaranga, whereas younger species of Pachystemon, characterized by nonwaxy stems, are inhabited only by younger lineages of Decacrema. Despite the absence of cospeciation, the correlated succession of stem texture in both phylogenies suggests that Decacrema and Pachystemon have diversiñed in association, or codiversified. Subsequent to the colonization of the Pachystemon clade, Decacrema expanded onto a second clade within Macaranga, inducing the development of myrmecophytism in the Pruinosae group. Confinement to the aseasonal wet climate zone of western Malesia suggests myrmecophytic Macaranga are no older than the wet forest community in Southeast Asia, estimated to be about 20 million years old (early Miocene). Our calculation of COI divergence rates from several published arthropod studies that relied on tenable calibrations indicates a generally conserved rate of approximately 1.5% per million years. Applying this rate to a rate-smoothed Bayesian chronogram of the ants, the Decacrema from Macaranga are inferred to be at least 12 million years old (mid-Miocene). However, using the extremes of rate variation in COI produces an age as recent as 6 million years. Our inferred timeline based on 1.5% per million years concurs with independent biogeographical events in the region reconstructed from palynological data, thus suggesting that the evolutionary histories of Decacrema and their Pachystemon hosts have been contemporaneous since the mid-Miocene. The evolution of myrmecophytism enabled Macaranga to radiate into enemyfree space, while the ants' diversification has been shaped by stem traits, host specialization, and geographic factors. We discuss the possibility that the ancient and exclusive association between Decacrema and Macaranga was facilitated by an impoverished diversity of myrmecophytes and phytoecious (obligately plant inhabiting) ants in the region. Ehrlich and Raven's (1964) mod-wise specificity between symbionts (but see Molbo et al. el of "escape and radiation" (sensu Thompson 1989; e.g., 2003), facilitating the possibility of cospeciation via coevobutte...

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Section: Natural History Of the Macaranga-decacrema Mutualismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Codiversification in an Ant-Plant Mutualism: Stem Texture and the Evolution of Host Use in Crematogaster (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) Inhabitants of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae)

Quek

Davies

Itino

et al. 2004

Evol

131

126

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“…All obligately Macaranga-associated Crematogaster (Crematogaster borneensis-group) colonize host species belonging to the sections Pachystemon and Pruinosae within the genus Macaranga (Blattner et al, 2001;Davies et al, 2001). The section Winklerianae that is endemic to Borneo is exclusively colonized by a species that we had named Crematogaster morphospecies 8 in former publications by our group (Fiala et al, 1999).…”

Section: Natural History Of the Macaranga-associated Crematogaster (Cmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The Crematogaster (Crematogaster borneensis-group) each colonize a nonrandom subset of Macaranga-species that shares specific morphological traits (Fiala et al, 1999;Quek et al, 2004;Feldhaar et al, 2010). Macaranga-hosts form two distinct groups with host plants whose stems are covered with an epicuticular wax-bloom and non-waxy hosts lacking such coating, with the exception of a few hosts that have only a slight wax-cover (M. glandibracteolata) or produce waxblooms only as large trees (M. indistincta) (Blattner et al, 2001). Only "wax-runners" are able to walk on the slippery, waxy plant surfaces, whereas workers of the other species will either drop off the plant or can only move very slowly on such host stems (Federle & Brüning, 2005;Federle et al, 1997).…”

Section: Natural History Of the Macaranga-associated Crematogaster (Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula

Feldhaar¹,

Maschwitz²,

Fiala³

2016

Sociobiology

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The taxonomy and natural history of ants of the genus Crematogaster Lund, 1831 (Crematogaster borneensis-group of the former subgenus Decacrema) obligately associated with myrmecophytic host-plants of the euphorb genus Macaranga are reviewed. Within this group of ants Crematogaster borneensis André, 1896 (with five subspecies and four varieties), Crematogaster captiosa Forel, 1910 as well as Crematogaster decamera Forel, 1910 have previously been described from SE Asia. Here we synonymise C. borneensis subsp. capax Forel, 1911, C. borneensis subsp. hosei Forel, 1911, C. borneensis subsp. sembilana Forel, 1911, and C. borneensis var. macarangae Viehmeyer, 1916 with C. borneensis André, 1896. Crematogaster borneensis var. harpyia Forel, 1911, C. borneensis var. insulsa Forel, 1911, C. borneensis subsp. symbia Forel, 1911, and C. borneensis subsp. novem Forel, 1911 are synonymised with C. captiosa Forel, 1910. In addition we describe five new species: C. claudiae sp. nov., C. hullettii sp. nov., C. linsenmairi sp. nov., C. maryatii sp. nov., and C. roslihashimi sp. nov.. Seven of these eight species are placed into two informal species subgroups based on queen morphology, life-history characters and a formerly published molecular phylogeny. Keys are provided for the identification of queens and workers, as well as natural history information on the eight ant species. The morphology of these Macaranga-associated Crematogaster (formerly Decacrema) species is compared to the only other three species described for this former subgenus in SE Asia, i.e. C. angulosa André, 1896, C. biformis André, 1892 and C. cephalotes Smith, 1857.

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“…There are more than 308 species of Macaranga, wide-spread from Africa and west region of Madagascar until tropical region of Asia, North Australia and east region of Pacific Islands (Blattner, 2001). Macaranga genus also known as a sources of terpenoid (Hui, 1971)] and phenolic (flavonoid) (Jang, 2002;Schutz, 1995;Sutthivaiyakit, 2002;Yoder, 2007) compounds which have biological activity as antioxidant (Phommart, 2005) and anticancer (cytotoxicity) (Yoder, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MACARANGIN, A GERANYLATED FLAVONOID AND ANTICANCER ACTIVE COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM ETHYL ACETAT FRACTION OF Macaranga gigantifolia LEAVES

Darmawan

Suwarso

Kosela

et al. 2015

Indonesian J. Pharm.

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Macaranga known locally as mahang-mahangan has uniquely ecological function, and also became a part of traditional medicine in Indonesia. Macaranga genus also known as a sources of terpenoid and phenolic (flavonoid) compounds which have biological activity as antioxidant and anticancer (cytotoxicity).There are few phytochemical investigations have been done on M. gigantifolia species. As a part of our continuing research of isolation anticancer compound from natural product, a geranylated flavonoid compound (macarangin) has been isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of Macaranga gigantifolia leaves using chromatography methods. The isolated compund (isolat MG) was elucidated to gain the chemical structure based on spectroscopic data (LC-MS and FT-NMR). Cytotoxicity test of this compound was tested against MCF 7 cell lines, showed that macarangin has a potential activity with IC 50 value 119.12μg/mL.

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Molecular Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships among Myrmecophytic Macaranga Species (Euphorbiaceae)

Cited by 137 publications

References 54 publications

Codiversification in an Ant-Plant Mutualism: Stem Texture and the Evolution of Host Use in Crematogaster (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) Inhabitants of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae)

Codiversification in an Ant-Plant Mutualism: Stem Texture and the Evolution of Host Use in Crematogaster (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) Inhabitants of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae)

Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula

MACARANGIN, A GERANYLATED FLAVONOID AND ANTICANCER ACTIVE COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM ETHYL ACETAT FRACTION OF Macaranga gigantifolia LEAVES

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